Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi's party and its main regional ally have scored a landslide victory in elections in the eastern state of Bihar, according to results on Friday from the Election Commission of India.

The state election was closely watched because it offers an insight into the level of support for the Indian leader and his party.

There are 243 seats in the Bihar assembly, with 122 needed for a majority. Modi's alliance, the National
Democratic Alliance, or NDA, went far beyond that, gaining 202 seats, with his Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) alone accounting for 89 of these.

The election took place against the background of voter concern about unemployment, law and order, and alleged irregularities in the revision of electoral rolls.  

What to know about the Bihar election

The Bihar state election was held in two phases on November 6 and November 11 and witnessed a historic turnout of 66.91%, according to the Election Commission of India. 

That was the highest voter turnout recorded in the state since 1951, with more women voting than men. A total of 74 million were eligible to vote.

Bihar is one of the poorest states in India, and women form an important voting bloc since men migrate out to other states and metropolitan cities to look for work.

Unemployment is a big issue, with parties contesting in the election having promised to create millions of jobs. 

In September, Modi made a move to appeal to women voters, handing out cash transfers of 10,000 Indian rupees ($113) each to 7.5 million women as part of an employment program.

The state elections have also been marked by the opposition accusing Modi's party of manipulating electoral rolls.

Bihar, which has a population of some 131 million, has a big influence on national politics. Nearly a quarter of its residents are between 18 to 29 years of age.

Which parties competed for the vote?

There were more than 10 political parties standing, but the main competition has been between two main alliances: the BJP-led alliance, with the Janata Dal (United), known as JDU, as its key regional partner, and the main opposition alliance, comprising the Indian National Congress partnered with some other regional parties.

There was also a third party in the fray, led by a political strategist turned politician, Prashant Kishor, a man credited with having propelled Modi to electoral victory in 2014.

In the last assembly polls in 2020, the BJP and its alliance secured a majority of seats to form a state government, with Chief Minister Nitish Kumar of the JDU at the helm.

Bihar sends 40 of the 543 lawmakers to the lower house in parliament. The win in the state will strengthen Modi's coalition, which relies on parties like the JDU to form a government at the national level, analysts say.

BJP looking to 2029 elections

Modi's party, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), suffered a setback in the 2024 national election when the party wasn't able to win an outright majority.

The BJP secured the backing of other parties and formed a coalition government with Modi at the helm. But the BJP was then able to recover support in regional polls.

Modi is keen to sustain that momentum, with the BJP headed to polls in three key states, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal and Assam, in the next two years, before national elections in 2029. 

Edited by: Kieran Burke