In Germany, one in three births is surgical, often for structural or economic rather than medical reasons. Health workers' strict schedules and limited experience with vaginal births are driving up early inductions and unnecessary cesarean sections, triggering a cascade of interventions that raise risks, delay skin-to-skin contact and hinder bonding and breastfeeding. It's a trend visible across the world.

Latin America tops the global list with over 40% of all births now taking place via C-sections. That number climbs to nearly 90% in some private hospitals. Many women are therefore undergoing unnecessary surgery, while others who truly need it lack access. 

Research shows reducing preventable interventions improves maternal and infant health. DW accompanied two obstetricians who are working toward this goal: One turns breech babies to avoid surgery, while the other trains doctors and reforms systems, giving women safer, more self-determined birth options.

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