Grave site apps and tombstone QR codes are taking cemeteries into the 21st century — and keeping alive memories of the deceased, particularly those of dearly departed celebrities. But some worry about data privacy.
Advertisement
Square QR codes typically featured in consumer advertising that take users to a relevant website via a smartphones reader have been appearing on tombstones in recent years. In Asian, and to a lesser degree Danish and Austrian cemeteries, QR codes feature on stone memorials as a way for mourners and visitors to access images and information about the deceased.
While stonemasons armed with a hammer and chisel can usually only include a name and a short salutation on a gravestone, QR codes and related websites are a virtual space where relatives and friends can exchange stories and share photos and memories — and can read the archived funeral oration.
Germans are a little more reticent, however. "We've been talking about QR codes for five years but they haven't really become accepted," said Michael C. Albrecht, who is responsible for media on the board of the Association of German Cemetery Administrators.
Just having a code isn't enough, he cautions. "You have to create and maintain a website, which takes time and effort and skills." Older family members of deceased persons are rarely interested, he says.
Data protection is also an issue. Some cemetery managers feel the QR code could violate new data protection guidelines, according to Gerd Merke, a law professor at Rhein-Main University.
But the consent of the deceased, given of course while they were still alive, is not required to publish posthumous personal data on a headstone.
"Postmortal personal rights exist, but legally they aren't binding," said Merke.
Graveyard apps
While QR codes are few and far between on German grave sites, an app called "Where they Rest" has proven much more popular. Initiated by the Foundation of Historic Graveyards in Berlin-Brandenburg, it shows people the way to the grave sites of celebrities and gives information on their lives.
Currently, the app points out more than 1,200 graves in 45 cemeteries in 32 cities that can be visited in reality or virtually — including Albrecht Dürer's resting place in Nuremberg and the graves of Bertolt Brecht and Johannes Rau in Berlin.
The idea is to use the app with its maps, information, audio guide and anecdotes like a history lesson.
Visitors meandering across a cemetery, smart phone in hand, are neither disturbing the tranquility of the resting place, says Michael C. Albrecht: "Cemetery culture is not static, it continues to develop."
It's a good thing when people are aware of cemeteries, he says, adding that some old graveyards even offer public tours. Apps, he says, help cemeteries present visitors with "a cultural added value."
Even the Pokemon Go hype two years ago that had people sprinting across cemeteries didn't necessarily bother the managers: "Suddenly, young people were flocking to the cemeteries," said Albrecht.
As long as it doesn't disturb other visitors, Albrecht believes that cemeteries must move with the new technological times. It seems the living can already look forward to a long virtual afterlife.
11 exceptional cemeteries in Europe
Most cities, as part of their tourist attractions, offer tours of cemeteries. The graves of celebrities or ancient monumental mausoleums tell touching tales of life and death. Here are 11 refuges of rest.
Image: picture-alliance/dpa/U. Zucchi
For artists: Kassel Necropolis
A cemetery in the middle of the North Hessian forest, initiated by Documenta artists who design their own tombs. So far, nine different works of grave art have been created. Ugo Dossi's "Denk-Ort," for example, is made of massive steel plates. Visitors can transfer the picture elements of the installation onto paper or fabric and take them with them.
Image: picture-alliance/dpa/U. Zucchi
For romantics: Père Lachaise, Paris
Leaves dancing in the wind on sandy paths: the rugged romantic cemetery in the northwestern part of the French capital is at its most beautiful in the fall. Unforgotten and visited by many fans from around the world are the graves of famous artists like Oscar Wilde, Eugene Delacroix, Sarah Bernhardt, Maria Callas, Edith Piaf, Frederic Chopin, Jim Morrison: the list is virtually never-ending.
Image: Paris Tourist Office/Marc Verhille
For pilgrims: Campo Santo Teutonico
This cemetery dedicated to German and Flemish speaking people is like an oasis with palm trees, caper and oleander bushes next to St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican. Every inch of the ground in the cemetery as well as the walls are covered with grave stones. Among them you can discover special designed graves with sculptures of angels, or those depicting scenes from the Stations of the Cross.
Image: picture-alliance/R. Braum
For master builders: Cimitero Monumentale
Greek temples, Egyptian pyramids, and obelisks reaching 20 meters (65 feet) into the sky: the Cimitero Monumentale in Milan lives up to its name. Here is where the rich are buried and that is obvious even after their death. It is regarded as the most magnificent and splendid of all cemeteries in Italy. The 200,000-square meter graveyard was opened 150 years ago in 1866.
Image: picture-alliance/dpa/Themendienst
For those with humor: Kramsach, Austria
Those visiting this cemetery museum in Tyrol are probably seeking some of the cryptic inscriptions in Europe's most most bizarre collection of old, metal grave crosses. Here are some examples: "Here lies Jakob Hosenknopf who fell from his house roof into eternity" or "Here Johanna Vogelsang, who sang her whole life, has found peace." By the way, no one is actually buried here.
Image: picture-alliance/U. Gerig
For those who enjoyed life: Melaten, Cologne
This cemetery, which was used as a place of execution in the Middle Ages, today counts some 55,000 graves. Apart from the "promenade of millionaires" with the expensive graves of rich Cologne residents like the Farina family, who invented Eau de Cologne, you can find lovable sculptures, like this clown on the grave of someone with a passion for the local carnival traditions.
Image: DW/ Maksim Nelioubin
For historians: the Jewish cemetery, Hamburg
Scientists regard this cemetery as unique because of the high number of well-preserved tombstones: of the nearly 9,000 there are still 6,000 stones. It is also the oldest cemetery in northern Europe where both Sephardi and Ashkenazi Jews were buried. UNESCO is to vet this 400-year-old burial ground next year as a potential World Heritage Site.
Image: picture-alliance/dpa/A. Heimken
For a stroll: Ohlsdorf Cemetery, Hamburg
Covering an area of 391 hectares (966 acres), this is the biggest rural cemetery in the world. About two million people discover its impressive mausoleums, ponds, sculptures and funerary museum every year. Since its inauguration in 1877, some 1.4 million funerals have been held here. Among the 235,000 graves are those of former German chancellor Helmut Schmidt and playwright Wolfgang Borchert.
Image: picture-alliance/BREUEL-BILD
For music lovers: Vienna Central Cemetery
Here all of Austria's famous are gathered, among them the crème de la crème of musicians and composers - apart from Mozart. Beethoven, Brahms, Strauss and Schubert, Arnold Schoenberg and, more recently, Falco and Udo Jürgens are all buried here. The cemetery, which was opened in 1874, has a network of paths between the 330,000 graves that cover a total of 450 kilometers (279 miles).
Image: Elizabeth Subercaseaux
For Mozart fans: St. Marx Cemetery, Vienna
And here is where Mozart might be buried: in a pauper's grave. Only 17 years after his death on December 5, 1791, did his wife, Constanze, try to locate his grave. As it was not marked she had to rely on the highly sketchy recollections of cemetery workers. It is therefore impossible to say exactly where Mozart was buried.
This cemetery, opened in 1818, is home to the ducal burial chapel of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, who share their burial chamber with Germany's two most famous poets, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Schiller - though the latter's coffin does not actually contain his remains. The cemetery, which is part of the Classical Weimar World Heritage Site, also includes the Russian Orthodox Chapel.