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How small waterways make big powers vulnerable

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Madelaine Pitt | Lisa Hänel
October 1, 2025

Chokepoints like the Suez Canal and Malacca Strait are a dilemma for big trading powers like the US, China and Russia.

Recent Houthi attacks on ships in the Red Sea are a stark reminder: Ships are vulnerable in and near maritime chokepoints. This is a headache for big powers that rely on flows on trade and oil. The Panama Canal, the Strait of Malacca in the Indo-Pacific and the Danish Straits on the Baltic Sea are thorns in the side of the US, China and Russia. That’s why their leaders, Donald Trump, Xi Jinping, and Vladimir Putin are moving to protect their interests and escape this vulnerability. 

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