Scientists fear potential Trump administration obstruction as top climate change body finalizes a major report of future global warming scenarios and ways to mitigate impacts.
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The 48th meeting of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) began on Monday to consider its special report, which looks at likely future scenarios for 1.5 degree Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit) warming above pre-industrial levels.
Representatives of the IPCC's 195 member governments will work with scientists for the next five days to produce an executive summary for policymakers based on the special report commissioned in the wake of the Paris Climate Agreement of 2015
"Governments have asked the IPCC for an assessment of warming of 1.5 Celsius, its impacts and related emissions pathways, to help them address climate change," IPCC Chair Hoesung Lee said, adding that the report provides "a strong, robust and clear" way forward for policymakers globally.
In an opening speech, the South Korean Chair, who is an expert on the economics of climate change, said the heat waves, wildfires and heavy rainfall experienced globally in recent months underline scientists' warnings about extreme weather caused by climate change.
Fighting climate change with comics and superheroes
Zambian cartoonist Mwelwa Musonko is taking on climate change by using satire to raise environmental awareness. His creations include a comic book superhero whose mission is to kick global warming's ass.
Image: Mwelwa Musonko
Climate change: the elephant in the room
Raising awareness of climate change through comics — that's the goal of Zambian cartoonist Mwelwa Musonko, founder of Foresight Comics. His work includes cartoons on Germany's energy transition, drawn in 2018 while on the International Journalists' Programme (IJP). This cartoon looks at the focus on immigration in Germany and Europe — ignoring the "elephant in the room" that is climate change.
Image: Mwelwa Musonko
Cows as the climate change culprits
In another cartoon, Mwelwa's pen takes aim at how the world's meat and dairy sector is heating up the planet. Drawn while on a placement at Clean Energy Wire in Germany as part of the IJP, it followed a report from the Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy and GRAIN in 2018 that said the world's livestock industry could eat up 80 percent of the globe's allowable carbon budget by 2050.
Image: Mwelwa Musonko
Germans counting the cost of climate change
Mwelwa, aka "Tax," also gave his take on Germans' attitudes to the energy transition. This came on the back of surveys suggesting that while Germans support a switch to renewables in principal, they're less keen on the costs that come with it. The artist told DW that cartoons are a great way to communicate the dangers of climate change, saying: "Art is a perfect way of getting a message through."
Image: Mwelwa Musonko
Reluctant to part with petrol
This cartoon was inspired by data showing Germans are reluctant to say goodbye to their petrol and diesel cars in exchange for an electric vehicle, despite the government offering a €4,000 ($4,676) subsidy per car. Two years after Germany launched the subsidy scheme, only one-sixth of the earmarked funds have been used, said a report from the Federal Office for Economic Affairs and Export Control.
Image: Mwelwa Musonko
Germany's lignite mines 'visible from space'
Germany's lignite mines also got Mwelwa's satirical treatment in this cartoon. Lignite, or brown coal, is extracted using opencast mining in Germany and it made up around 23 percent of the country's power production in 2017, according to AG Energiebilanzen (Energy Balances Group). Lignite-burning power stations are high on the list of Europe's largest CO2 producers.
Image: Mwelwa Musonko
Climate change's superhero comic book
In 2018, Mwelwa came up with a unique way to raise climate change awareness by launching a comic book series. The Fifth Element follows the adventures of superhero Quin Ence, a 10th grader in Lusaka, Zambia, as she battles to save the planet from global warming. He told DW he created the series over concerns that "the majority of Zambians think that climate change is a foreign problem."
Image: Mwelwa Musonko
Reaching the next generation with comics
Mwelwa hopes the comics will raise awareness of climate change among children and teens — using eye-catching cartoons to overcome what he calls an aversion to reading in Zambia. "The reading culture where I am from in Zambia is really, really bad," he told DW. "So, if you would give somebody a book with pictures in it, I think it sparks their interest. Trying to create value with this art."
Image: Mwelwa Musonko
A heroine to save the world
Mwelwa decided to make his superhero a girl because it "brings a different thing to the table," telling DW that comic book writers are increasingly talking about creating more female characters. He added: "If you follow my comic book, you start to see that this character is not perfect. Her life is miserable, and she rises above all of that to save the world and fight climate change."
Image: Mwelwa Musonko
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'Wildly alarming'
The final draft of the report contains over 6,000 cited peer-reviewed studies, while expert reviews of the second draft attracted almost 25,000 comments from experts and officials from 71 countries.
With a 1.5 degree temperature rise already enough to sow climate chaos, drafts of the report have confirmed the need to cap a global temperature rise at "well-below" 2 degrees, as mandated by the landmark Paris deal.
"I don't know how you can possibly read this and find it anything other than wildly alarming," Peter Frumhoff, director of science and policy at the Union of Concerned Scientists, a Washington-based research and advocacy group, told AFP about the draft.
One report author warned that major fossil fuel producers such as Saudi Arabia have "threatened to be obstructionist."
But the fact that this the first IPCC report to be considered by the Trump administration — which pulled the US from the Paris Agreement in 2017 — is also a "a real wild card," Michael Oppenheimer, a professor of geosciences and international affairs at Princeton University and IPCC author, told AFP.
"Never in the history of the IPCC has there been a report that is so politically charged," said Henri Waisman, a senior researcher at the Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations, and one of the report's 86 authors.
Indeed, the Trump administration cut all funding to the IPCC in August 2017, despite the US long being a key supporter of the climate change body that won a share of the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize alongside veteran US climate campaigner Al Gore.
The IPCC will release the summary for policymakers of its 1.5 degree Celsius report at a press conference on October 8. The report will be available for the next UN climate summit, which takes place in December in Katowice, Poland.
sb (AFP, dpa)
Donald Trump: deal-breaker abroad and at home
The US President prides himself on being a hard-nosed dealmaker, but since entering the White House, Donald Trump has proven himself to be skilled in the art of tearing up agreements. DW takes a look at deals undone.
Image: picture-alliance/NurPhoto/C. May
Iran nuclear deal
The "worst deal ever": That's how Donald Trump described the 2015 landmark agreement that lifted international sanctions against Iran in exchange for the country dismantling its atomic program. In May 2018 the president followed through on a campaign promise and said he would withdraw the US from the deal, which had arisen out of painstaking multi-year negotiations.
Image: Getty Images/AFP/S. Loeb
Trans-Pacific Partnership
In February 2016 then-US President Barack Obama signed the free trade agreement known as the TPP along with 11 other Pacific nations. However, it never went into effect: Shortly after taking office, Trump signed an executive order that took the US out of the deal, thus keeping it from entering into force. The scuttled TPP evolved into a new regional trade partnership — without the US.
Image: picture alliance/Newscom/R. Sachs
Paris Agreement
The Paris climate accord was adopted in December 2015 after the COP 21 meeting. All 195 participating member states and the EU agreed to reduce emissions, decrease carbon output and try to rein in global warming. The US signed the accord but support was short-lived: in November 2017 Trump told the UN that the US would withdrawal from the accord at the earliest possible date, November 2019.
Image: picture-alliance/AP/dpa/A. Harnik
Domestic environmental regulations
Trump not only has undone US participation in international climate deals but also has scrapped domestic environmental regulations. Scott Pruit, Trump's head of the Environmental Protection Agency, announced in March 2018 that Obama-era vehicle emissions standards would be rolled back. And at the very start of his term, Trump also said he would review the Clean Water Act and Clean Power Plan.
Image: picture-alliance/ZUMAPRESS.com
Affordable Care Act
The ACA, nicknamed "Obamacare," was landmark legislation that roughly halved the number of medically uninsured Americans through program expansion and insurance mandates. Its critics, Trump among them, described it as federal government overreach that would cause skyrocketing health costs for individuals. While total repeal has failed, Republicans did do away with the mandate in 2017 tax reform.