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Cuba’s Revolution

February 19, 2026

How Fidel Castro promised freedom but created a nightmare: we look at how hope turned to dictatorship through surveillance, exile and fear, and ask if the Cuban revolution was ever really about liberation.

Fidel Castro, Prime Minister of Cuba, smokes a cigar during his meeting with two U.S. senators, the first to visit Castro's Cuba, in Havana, Cuba, Sept. 29, 1974.
Image: AP/picture alliance

In 1959, Fidel Castro overthrew Fulgencio Batista, a brutal dictator — and became one himself. He promised democracy, but never held free elections. He denied being a communist — until it was too late to stop him.

Image: DW

With Che Guevara by his side, he built a regime of surveillance, censorship, and televised executions. Millions fled. Others stayed — and were silenced. US historian Lillian Guerra, exiled writer and journalist Amir Valle from Cuba, and DW journalist Jaime González Arguedas reveal how a fight for freedom became a dictatorship. From the Bay of Pigs to the Missile Crisis, from revolutionary hope to economic collapse. Was it ever about the people — or just about power?

 

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