A decision by the Russian government to shut down Deutsche Welle's Moscow office and withdraw accreditation from the German broadcaster's journalists in Russia came into effect on Friday at 9 a.m. local time (0600 UTC).

The Russian Foreign Ministry announced a day earlier that it was canceling DW's broadcasting license in Russia, calling it a response to the ban of the Russian broadcaster RT DE in Germany.

"It clearly came as a huge shock for all of us," said Irina Filatova, who works for DW's Russian service in Germany and could therefore still report on Friday morning.

"We clearly expected some measures after RT was banned in Germany. But we never expected that these retaliatory measures by the Russian authorities would be so hard," she added. "We never expected that our Moscow studio would be closed and all our colleagues working in Russia would lose accreditation."

'Foreign agent' threat

The Russian Foreign Ministry said authorities might consider putting DW on the list of so-called foreign agents. The label, which has Soviet-era connotations, forces media outlets to publish a disclaimer on their content in Russia that they are "foreign agents."

"The state of press freedom in Russia has drastically deteriorated over the last years. There's been a huge clampdown by Russian authorities on independent media," Filatova said. "Many of them have been put on the list of foreign agents, meaning that they are subject to extra government scrutiny." 

There are over 100 media outlets and independent journalists on this list.

Russia says ball is in Germany's court

Maria Zakharova, a spokesperson for the Russian Foreign Ministry, said if Germany moved to end the dispute over RT's licensing, Moscow would respond in kind. 

"If Germany escalates, we will respond in the same way. If Germany goes for a normalization of the situation, we will respond in the same way, we're just as ready to normalize the situation," Zakharova told a regular press briefing.

German officials have called the comparison between RT and DW a false equivalence because DW is a taxpayer-funded independent public service broadcaster rather than a state-owned channel.

German regulators have also said their reason to ban RT DE was that the Russian broadcaster had not submitted the required documents for licensing. 

Konstantin Kosachyov, deputy speaker of Russia's upper house of parliament, said Russian President Vladimir Putin and German Chancellor Olaf Scholz would discuss the row during their meeting later this month. 

Germany, EU slam press freedom violation

German government spokesman Wolfgang Büchner on Friday condemned Russia's DW ban. 

"We appeal very urgently to the Russian side not to use the licensing problems of the station of the RT channel for the purpose of restricting freedom of the press and freedom of freedom of expression," Büchner said.

German Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Andrea Sasse said the situation raises concerns about media freedoms and independence in Russia. 

"I can assure you and the colleagues at DW that the concerns of the DW staff in Russia are very much known to the federal government. And generally, the press freedom situtation in Russia is also of course a matter of great importance to us, and we're in contact with Russian authorities," Sasse said.

"And at this point I'd like to say it doesn't just affect Deutsche Welle, but rather the press freedom situation for all other media organizations in Russia," she added.

The European Union also slammed the "unjustified" move by Russia. EU spokesman for foreign affairs, Peter Stano, told journalists on Friday that Moscow's ban "regrettably illustrates yet again their continuous violation of media freedom and disregard for independence of media." 

A 'renewed strain' on relations

The German government commissioner for culture and the media, Claudia Roth, called the Russian move an "aggressive act."

"But we don't need aggressive acts, we need dialogue, we need de-escalation," Roth told German public broadcaster ARD on Friday. 

Roth, a longstanding member of the Greens, said she had held talks with a Kremlin special adviser on culture issues a few days before the ban. "I am really sad and frankly angry, because this conversation was dedicated to the question: 'How can we improve the relationship?'" 

Still, Roth said she would discuss the situation with her Russian counterpart.

Germany's Foreign Ministry said the decision would "represent a renewed strain on German-Russian relations."

"If these measures are actually implemented, this would limit free reporting by independent journalists in Russia, which is particularly important in politically tense times," a ministry spokesperson said on Thursday.

Edited by: Mark Hallam