The Supreme Court of El Salvador on Wednesday ordered that a criminal investigation into the massacre of six Jesuit priests should be reopened.

There have been attempts to prosecute those behind the killings — during the country's civil war — since amnesty from 1993 was declared unconstitutional in 2016.

However, these efforts have so far been deflected by legal maneuvers. The decision came after an appeal was filed by the country's attorney general, Rodolfo Delgado.

What happened at the time?

An elite commando unit killed the six priests — five Spaniards and one Salvadoran — in the priests' residence, along with their housekeeper and her daughter.

Soldiers carried out the killings in the early morning of November 16, 1989, amid the largest guerilla offensive of the 1980 to 1992 Salvadoran civil war on the campus of the Jesuit Central American University, in San Salvador.

While nine members of the military were initially put on trial, a court absolved seven of them. Two of the officers served short sentences but were released under the 1993 amnesty, which meant proceedings were shelved. 

When the Supreme Court found the amnesty had been unconstitutional, a judge ordered one of those officers, Colonel Guillermo Benavides, to return to prison, where he remains.

Why is a probe coming now? 

After the amnesty was lifted, a lower court allowed an investigation into a group of military officers and former President Alfredo Cristiani in connection to the killings to move forward.

However, the probe was ended when the officers appealed the case to the Supreme Court in 2019.

The Criminal Chamber of the Supreme Court ordered "that those identified as the intellectual authors of the massacre not be investigated."

The latest ruling said that "the right of access to justice of the victims" had been "violated." Accordingly, the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court demanded that the court's criminal chamber "modify" a 2020 resolution in which it closed the case. 

Attorney General Delgado tweeted to confirm that "the case will be reopened."

"We will pursue those responsible to achieve justice in the face of these vile murders," he added.

Spanish court branded massacre 'state terrorism'

A Spanish court in 2020 sentenced former Salvadoran Colonel Inocente Orlando Montano to 133 years for the killings of the Spanish priests. The court branded the massacre "state terrorism" carried out at the behest of figures including former President Cristiani. 

Cristiani has denied any involvement or knowledge of the plan to kill the priests. 

The Salvadoran civil war pitted the US-funded national army against the then-guerrilla group Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front (FMLN). It left 75,000 dead and some 8,000 missing. 

rc/fb (EFE, AFP, AP)