Ethiopian Prime Minister Hailemariam Desalegn has announced plans to close a notorious prison camp and release political prisoners held there. He described the move as an effort to "foster national reconciliation."
Image: DW/Y. Gebreegziabher
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Ethiopian Prime Minister Hailemariam Desalegn told reporters on Wednesday that charges against all political prisoners would be dropped in a bid to "create a national consensus and widen the democratic space for all."
"Politicians currently under prosecution and those previously sentenced will either have their cases annulled or be pardoned," he said.
"And the notorious prison cell that was traditionally called Maekelawi will be closed down and turned into a museum."
The surprise announcement came after recent anti-government protests in the troubled Oromia and Amhara regions brought business and transport networks to a standstill. Hundreds were killed in the unrest, leading to a 10-month state of emergency that was lifted in August.
It is not clear how many political prisoners are currently being held across the East African country, or how many will be affected by the change.
"We don't know who is going to be released. It takes time to investigate who deserves to be pardoned," Information Minister Negeri Lencho told Agence France Presse.
The United Nations and rights groups have accused the Ethiopian government of locking up critical journalists and politicians for expressing dissenting views. Among the country's jailed politicians are the prominent opposition leaders, Bekele Gerba and Merara Gudina.
Renowned blogger and former detainee Befeqadu Hailu celebrated the prime minister's comments.
"I'm writing you this struggling with my tears," he wrote. "All these pledges need to be implemented immediately."
The deadly protests began in late 2015 and led to tens of thousands of arrests and the displacement of some 1 million people.
"The crackdown on the political opposition saw mass arbitrary arrests, torture and other ill-treatment, unfair trials and violations of the rights to freedom of expression and association," rights group Amnesty International has said.
Ethiopia welcomes its enemy in open door strategy
Every day displaced Eritreans cross the perilous border to seek asylum in enemy territory—but Ethiopia appears only too happy to accommodate.
Image: DW/J. Jeffery
Drifting across the desert
"It took us four days traveling from Asmara," a 31-year-old Eritrean man says about the trek from the Eritrean capital, 80 kilometres north of the border, after arriving in Ethiopia. "We travelled for 10 hours each night, sleeping in the desert during the day." With him are another three men, three women, six girls and four small boys.
Image: DW/J. Jeffery
No turning back
"Living conditions in Eritrea are more dangerous than crossing the border," says a 39-year-old Eritrean soldier - now a deserter after crossing into Ethiopia - who served 20 years in the military. After being collected by Ethiopian soldiers patrolling the border, Eritreans are sent to a registration center to begin the process to claim asylum in Ethiopia.
Image: DW/J. Jeffery
Camp life
New arrivals are allocated to one of four refugee camps in Ethiopia’s Tigray region. The Hitsats camp is the newest and largest, sheltering around 11,000 refugees, with 80 percent under 35 years of age. "Even if they are seeking political asylum, there will be an economic side to it as they are young and need to generate income to live their lives," says camp coordinator Haftam Telemickael.
Image: DW/J. Jeffery
Making the most of the situation
The camp’s infrastructure is simple but neat. There’s little rubbish lying around, and people make their accommodation feel as homely as possible. "When I drink a cup of coffee among the flowers it feels good," says John, 40, standing in the small garden full of flowers around his Hitsats camp home that he shares with his 10-year-old daughter. His wife is in America.
Image: DW/J. Jeffery
Hard-fought gains
"The Eritrean people are good," says Luel Abera, an Ethiopian official who helps coordinate refugee arrivals before they move to a camp. "They fought for independence for 30 years. But from day one, [Eritrean President] Isaias [Afwerki] has ruled the country without caring about his people’s interests." Isaias has ruled Eritrea for more than 25 years.
Image: DW/J. Jeffery
Constant influx
"I don’t want to talk about why we crossed," says 18-year-old Haimanot who runs a small shack in Hitsats that recharges mobiles for one Ethiopian birr (0.04 euro) a charge. In February 2017, 3,367 Eritrean refugees arrived in Ethiopia, according to Ethiopia’s refugee agency. Around 165,000 Eritrean refugees and asylum seekers reside in Ethiopia, according to the UN.
Image: DW/J. Jeffery
Sleeping more easily
"In Sudan there are more problems, we can sleep peacefully here," says Ariam, 32, who came to Hitsat four years ago with her two children after spending four years in a refugee camp in Sudan. Refugees claim the Eritrean military conducts raids in Sudan to capture Eritreans. Ethiopia’s border with Eritrea is much more heavily guarded against incursions.
Image: DW/J. Jeffery
Generosity or strategy?
"Ethiopia's response is to manage the gate, and figure out how it can benefit from these inevitable flows of people," says refugee analyst Jennifer Riggan. More money is also spent hosting refugees nowadays due to international efforts to stop secondary migration to Europe. It may also be a way for Ethiopia to bolster its international reputation after controversy about recent protests.
Image: DW/J. Jeffery
Comradeship trumps hate
Military positions from the 1998-2000 war between Ethiopia and Eritrea still stand alongside today’s border. All the while both governments accuse one of plotting against the other. But Ethiopia appears willing to differentiate with ordinary Eritreans. "We are the same people, we share the same blood, even the same grandfathers," says Estifanos Gebremedhin with Ethiopia’s refugee agency.
Image: DW/J. Jeffery
Moving away
"My children are in America but there is no point my going—I am an old man now," says 74-year-old Tesfaye in Shimelba, Tigray’s first Eritrean refugee camp which opened in 2004. Thousands more Eritreans live in Ethiopias cities outside the camps. Many others decide to leave Ethiopia and migrate onward, some legally, like Tesfaye’s children, many more illegally, often dying trying.
Image: DW/J. Jeffery
Shared past not forgotten
"The Ethiopian soldiers who found us were like brothers to us," says 22-year-old mother-of-two Yordanos. Eritrea was Ethiopia's most northern region before a referendum officially giving it independence in 1993 made Tigray the most northern. Hence many Eritreans who cross the border share the same language, Tigrinya, and the same Orthodox religion and culture as Tigray’s inhabitants.
