Negotiators from the European Union have agreed on a new set of rules for so-called new genomic techniques, or NGTs, in plant breeding.

The new framework covers key issues around how such products should be labelled in supermarkets and whether or not they can be patented.

What are new genomic techniques?

New genomic techniques, such as gene editing, are breeding methods used to change a small part of the genetic material of an animal, plant or microbes (such as yeast or bacteria). They don't require the insertion of foreign genetic material, or DNA, from another species.

This makes them different to older techniques used to create genetically modified organisms (GMOs), which involve inserting foreign genetic material into an organism to create a hybrid.

Proponents say the new genomic techniques changes an organism in a way that could also occur in nature or through conventional breeding.

What is in the EU's deal on new genomic techniques?

The framework exempts many NGT plants from the bloc's strict regulations surrounding genetically modified (GM) crops and foods.

It also allows for the easing of rules on foods modified with new genomic techniques, allowing such products to be sold in the future in supermarkets without special labeling.

Patents had been one of the main sticking points in negotiations, with the European Parliament originally calling for a patent ban to stop privatization of NGTs and protect farmers rights to freely use them.

But the negotiated framework now allows for patents around NGTs, except those with traits or sequences occurring in nature or produced by biological means. Under the deal, farmers retain the right to save and replant seeds.

What are the pros and cons on NGT crops?

The EU's new approach could help farmers compete more effectively on global markets, a European Council statement released late on Wednesday said.

It also aims to boost food security and reduce the bloc's dependency on non-EU countries, the statement said.

Agriculture unions are among the supporters of the new technique. They say it could be used to produce fruit and vegetables and other crops that are more resistant to the effects of climatic change or require less fertilizer and pesticide.

Critics are concerned about possible long-term environmental and health hazards. Others insist consumers should retain the right to choose whether to eat gene-edited foods.

The agreement must still be endorsed by the parliament and member states in second reading, a step usually considered a formality after such negotiations.

Edited by: Zac Crellin