He built a literary world on the banks of the Seine near Notre Dame in Paris. American George Whitman passed away on Wednesday at 98 in his apartment above the Shakespeare and Company bookstore he founded in 1951.

The bookseller died peacefully in his home, according to a statement issued by Shakespeare and Company.

"George suffered a stroke two months ago, but showed incredible strength and determination up to the end, continuing to read every day in the company of his daughter, Sylvia, his friends and his cat and dog," it said.

Far more than a place to pick up books, Whitman's labor of love developed into an international meeting point for writers and journalists, from young unknowns to world-famous figures.

'Angels in disguise'

The bookstore's legendary reputation is perhaps best summed up by verses by William Butler Yeats, written on the walls of his open library: "Be not inhospitable to strangers / Lest they be angels in disguise."

Young writers headed to Paris to work and stay at Shakespeare and Company among the stacks, where Whitman set up beds to accommodate them. Some stayed for days, some for weeks or even months.

The location attracted the Beats in the 1950s, with Alan Ginsberg, William Burroughs and Lawrence Ferlinghetti, a lifelong friend of Whitman's, spending time there and absorbing the city. Henry Miller was another of the store's famous guests.



Originally called Le Mistral, Whitman took over the name Shakespeare and Company from a previous bookstore owned by friend and colleague Sylvia Beach. Whitman built on the reputation of Shakespeare and Company, itself famous in its heyday for playing host to the likes of Ernest Hemingway and James Joyce.

Restless spirit

Whitman was 37 when he opened his bookstore in 1951, settling down after what had been a restless and captivating youth. Born on December 12, 1913, Whitman grew up in Salem, Massachusetts.

He graduated from Boston University in 1935 with a degree in journalism before embarking on a journey through Central and South America that saw him cover nearly 5,000 kilometers (3,100 miles) of ground. Out of money in Panama in 1938, he got a job with the Panama Canal Company before travelling to Hawaii and then San Francisco, where he worked as a cable car conductor.

Whitman got acquainted with Europe after enlisting in the military in 1941, serving as a medic in hospitals across the continent. He was later able to settle in Paris in 1948 thanks to the US GI Bill, taking up studies in French literature at the Sorbonne thereafter.

It was there that his second life as a bookseller began, where he became "an icon of the Latin Quarter" in which his bookstore was housed, according to John Kirby Abraham, a longtime friend and retired journalist.

"He was hospitable, he encouraged young journalists, poets and writers. He loved books, and he loved creative people," Abraham added.

In 2006, France made Whitman an officer in the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, an association which recognizes significant contributions to the arts and their promotion.

He will be buried in Paris' Pere Lachaise cemetery, alongside literary greats like Oscar Wilde and Honore de Balzac.

Author: Greg Wiser (AFPE, dpa)
Editor: Kate Bowen