Football an escape for female migrant workers in Singapore
John Duerden
April 4, 2023
Female migrant domestic workers in Singapore tend to toil for long hours on low wages. However, some have found a welcome escape from their difficult working life – playing in their own futsal league.
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Walk past the Kembangan-Chia Chee Community Hub situated about halfway between Changi Airport and Singapore's iconic Marina Bay on any given Sunday and you may come across an unusual sight – migrant women kicking around a ball.
The lives of the estimated 245,000 domestic workers in the city state may not always be easy but the beautiful game is now helping to bring some of them together for a couple of hours a week. A growing number of these women from Myanmar, India, Philippines, Indonesia and elsewhere in Asia, who spend most of their time working as domestic help or caregivers, are playing football.
One of them, Aye Aye Aung, told DW that she was last able to visit Myanmar, in 2019, due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the 2021 coup in which the military siezed back power,"
She misses her family, whom she calls on a weekly basis, but football is now offering her some comfort.
"I don't have many friends in my hometown, but I have more in Singapore who support us at our matches and on social media," she said. "I have played football before but this is my first time playing in a league and it feels special."
Especially last month, when she helped her team, Golden Myanmar, become the first-ever champions of the Migrant Domestic Workers (MDW) League.
The MCW League
The MDW League, made up of eight teams of 13 players, was launched in September 2022 by D2D Sports, a sporting-event management company.
"It is tough to say [if it has been a success] because Singaporeans are not exactly the most expressive bunch and are quick to criticize," D2D Sports' executive director, Rasvinder Singh, told DW. "I am pleasantly surprised however at how well it has been received."
For years women have arrived at the wealthy city state from poorer parts of Asia in search of work. While there have been many reports of some being the victims of ill-treatment at the hands of employers, long hours and hard work are the very much the norm for all. Days off are especially precious.
However, the players DW spoke to for this story were generally positive about their employers, who they said were quite supportive of their new pastime.
Ching Ching Kipgen told DW that, like most others, she came to Singapore to support her family, who live in Tamu Township in the northwest of Myanmar.
"Of course I miss my family but I am scared to go back home due to the situation," she said, referring to the 2021 coup in her homeland. She also said that playing in the futsal league had helped her settle in Singapore.
"I think my employers are really proud of me for coming this far, like everyone else, they treat me kindly," she said.
For her part Aung, said she was also happy with her current employers, who she's been working for since 2020.
"My employers are okay with me playing and sometimes I need to change my day off because of a match, and they understand," she said. "I always update them about my games, and they wish me good luck."
Positive social impact
Lolita Torate Fabroa, who arrived in Singapore from the Philippines in 2008, values the social aspect of playing in the league.
"Due to my broken marriage, I decided to come and work here as a domestic helper so that I can give a better future to my only son," said Fabroa, who has been working for a local Chinese family for the past six years.
"At first my life here wasn't easy because being apart from my family made me homesick," she said.
Now she enjoys playing football for the Ladies Eagles.
"For me it is just a social activity, it keeps me motivated as well as being good exercise.”
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Striving to become a better player
Aung, though, is a little more ambitious.
"At first I joined the league just to play, and I learned new skills," she said.
But that was before she was identified as one of the best players in the league and named to a team of selects who are hoping to play other teams in Singapore in full 11-on-11 friendlies.
If the momentum gathered in a short six months or so can continue, there may well be more opportunities for promising players like Aung. In the short term, though, the objective is simply to keep the fledgling league going.
"We would like to have at least two divisions with promotion and relegation," Singh said. "It would be a dream if, through this league, we can find the means to improve the livelihood of these players."
Singh also spoke of the possibility of expanding the project beyond Singapore's borders.
"We would be open to playing against workers in other countries and having international competitions. We would be happy to organize and facilitate a similar league in the Southeast Asian region."
Whether such dreams are realized or not, so far, the project seems to have been a positive experience for all involved.
Lubis Ratno, one of the volunteers who helped get the MDW League off the ground, says a big part of it is about respect.
"I wanted the public to know that these ladies are human just like everyone else," Ratno said. "The only time we should look down on them is to give them a hand up. They have hopes and aspirations, just like (the rest of) us."
Edited by Chuck Penfold.
The tough life of Thai migrants in Singapore
Today, there are some 260 million international migrants, the vast majority of them laborers. The cheap workers are indispensable for wealthy countries like Singapore, but their jobs are dangerous and wages low.
Image: Simon Peth
Documenting migration
Srikhoon Jiangkratok (on the right) was a first-generation migrant worker who came to Singapore in the early 1990s. Some of the more than 900 photos he took during his stint in the city-state are part of a web exhibition called "Work Men on the Move." The complete gallery including commentary can be found online at storyform.co/@speth-2/-734dab35c6bb.
Image: privat
Dangerous work at dizzying heights
After working on construction sites in Bangkok for eight years, his company sent Jiangkratok to Singapore in 1994 as a foreman to build the famous Ritz Carlton Hotel. Foreign workers often do the so-called "triple-D-jobs" (difficult, dirty and dangerous), are usually organized in groups and specialize in specific work steps.
Image: Simon Peth
Crowded camp life
In the 1990s, foreign workers in Singapore slept in over-crowded container camps. 25 men shared one container. "How to call it? It is a box," one Thai worker told German researcher Simon A. Peth (University of Bonn), who put together the online photo exhibition. He says migration was (and is) only worthwhile through overtime work. As a result, 10 to 14-hour days are the norm.
Image: Srikhoon Jiangkratok
Precarious working conditions
Back in the day, work accidents on the sometimes chaotic construction sites were inevitable — and disastrous for the injured. Then as now, says researcher Peth, immobility due to a broken leg or a similar injury means the end of a labor migration. Although employers must nowadays cover workers with their own health insurance, they are sometimes reluctant to pay the high costs injuries can incur.
Image: Srikhoon Jiangkratok
Singapore's Central Business District, 1994
In the 1990s, Singapore was one of the top destinations of overseas migration from Thailand. Although the official figure is unknown, what's clear is that the number of Thai migrant workers has dropped considerably, to 15-20,000 in 2016 since its peak period, which lasted from the mid-1990s until 2010/11. In most camps, workers are separated by nationality to avoid conflicts.
Image: Srikhoon Jiangkratok
Who built the modern city?
"People who go to Singapore have been trained like soldiers, … if it is not the time to sleep, you don't sleep." That's how one Thai migrant worker described his experience. Since 1994, the year of Jiangkratok's arrival, Singapore's skyline and Central Business District (CBD) have undergone a transformation possible only with the help of millions of cheap labor migrants from around the world.
Image: W. Zhang
Home away from home?
Located in Singapore's industrial far west, Tuas View is the city-state's largest dormitory for foreign workers with beds for 16,800 men. Its amenities include a mini-market, a beer garden, a 250-seat cinema as well as medical and shopping facilities. Although being hailed as the ideal model for housing workers, they have next to no privacy as 250 cameras monitor them around the clock.
Image: Simon Peth
Living on the edge
Singapore's dormitories for foreign workers are strategically situated in non-residential areas on the city's fringe, from where it takes up to three hours to get to the CBD. Getting to Singapore in the first place is expensive: Labor agents demand around 80,000 Thai Baht (roughly €2,000). To put things into perspective: The average monthly household income in rural parts of Thailand is €254.
More than a reception camp
Completed in 1973, the Golden Mile Complex is largely an ethnic enclave for Singapore's Thai population and the central arrival point for buses with workers from Southern Thailand and Malaysia. Thais frequent the vast complex for the some 400 shops as well as a Thai supermarket, restaurants and bars; they also visit the doctor, send remittances home, get a hair cut or meet with their labor agents.
Image: Simon Peth
Taking care of business
At the Thai Office of Labor Affairs in the Golden Mile complex, Thai workers can come with individual problems and sort out administrative, health- or employer-related issues. They can even do correspondence courses. In Singapore, daily wages are graded by nationality: According to reasearcher Peth, Thais earn 23 Singapore dollars
($17), Indians $14 and Myanmar citizens $12.
Image: Simon Peth
Strict segregation
"I stayed in Singapore for almost 22 years, but Thailand is still my home. Singapore is a place to earn money, but here in Thailand I am happy." Part of Singapore's immigration policy is avoiding the mingling of migrant workers with its citizens. Company trucks haul workers to and from contruction sites. All this leads to a state of "permanent temporariness," as researchers have called it.
Image: DW/S. Peth
Returning home
After having stayed in Singapore for three years supervising a group of 15 workers, photographer Srikhoon Jiangkratok returned to his village in Northeast Thailand in 1995. Talking about his motivation to take the pictures, he told German researcher Peth: "I took these photos because I wanted to show what it means to work abroad. It is tough."