On Friday, Pope Benedict's most visible critics -- at least for the coming days -- quietly gathered in the centre of Munich.

It was the only official demonstration scheduled to take place during the pontiff's visit. In a state with regions where up to 87 percent of the population are Catholic, at least on paper, few seemed interested in standing up against Bavarian-born Benedict.

Gay rights activists were also cautious after police officials pulled an effigy of Pope Benedict and altered photographs of the pope with a condom on his little finger from a float during Munich's gay pride parade in August. A complaint for insulting a foreign head of state was filed against the float's creators, but prosecutors apparently decided to drop the case.

Nevertheless, a dozen gay rights activists pulled out signs that read "For tolerance" and "Against discrimination" and "We want acceptance, not empathy" from their bags. They waited for people to come and listen. A little distance away, almost as many police officers observed the scene.

"I was afraid that not many people would come," said Peter Schauwecker, a 70-year-old artist and former university professor, who wore a sign protesting against the waste of taxpayers' money for the pope visit.

The costs of the pope's six-day visit will reportedly run to about 20 million euros ($25.6 million). The three Bavarian dioceses of Munich, Passau and Regensburg that Benedict will travel to are picking up the bill while the Bavarian state will pay for security.

Adding fuel to the fire?

But most of the around 100 demonstrators who eventually gathered near Munich's memorial for AIDS victims were less concerned about money and more about Benedict's views on homosexuality.

"I believe we need to see and reflect on the fact that it's not a Catholic invention that man and woman are made for each other, so that humanity can go on living: all cultures know this," the pope recently said in an interview with DW-TV, German broadcasters ARD and ZDF and Radio Vatican.

While still Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, he reportedly also called gay marriage the "legalization of evil," a statement that especially outraged many of those present.

"I think it's irresponsible that he adds fuel to the fire," said Ulrike Gehrig, pointing to the violence many gay people still face in many countries around the world, including several in eastern Europe.

Respectful criticism

"I consider the pope my personal enemy," said Gabriel Walser, who had also joined the demonstration. "But we have to offer him the respect we demand from him."

Respectful criticism was also what organizers had in mind.

"This isn't an anti-pope demonstration," said Thomas Niederbühl, a Munich city council member for the gay rights group Pink List.

Niederbühl added that he had no problem meeting Benedict face to face -- he shook his hand during an audience for Munich officials in Rome last October and said he plans to attend a ceremony on Saturday during which the pope will sign the city's Golden Book.

"I'm not going to exclude myself," he said. "It's the Catholic Church that has never bothered to enter a dialogue with us."

Club or family?

Why should it, asked Annalisa, a 40-year-old secretary, who observed the demonstration from afar.

"The pope cannot do anything but say that it's not all right," she said. "I see it this way: The church has a point of view and if I join a club, I also have to accept its rules."

But, not all agree.

"It's not a club," Niederbühl said, adding that he studied theology to become a religious education teacher but did not receive permission to teach from the church. "You can't just leave your family."