Every year, industrial espionage costs German businesses around 11.8 billion euros ($16 billion), according to a survey released Monday by the German security firm Corporate Trust.

Every second company in Germany has faced attacks - whether successful or not - with more than three-quarters of those surveyed registering financial losses as a result.

Corporate Trust said the survey reflected answers from 6,767 companies, some 40 percent of which estimated the damage from espionage had cost them anywhere from 10,000 euros to 100,000 euros.

Twelve percent said they lost more than 100,000 euros, and 4.5 percent said they lost more than 1 million euros.

The report, titled "Industrial Espionage 2014,"

Innovation in focus

Innovative companies with a large global market share were targeted most frequently, the report said, with automobile, aerospace, machine tools and ship building sectors sustaining 22 percent of registered hacker attacks.

"These sectors of German industry are renowned worldwide for high quality and permanent innovation, and need to be especially protected," said Christian Schaaf, the head of Corporate Trust's research team.

Other big industries targeted by spying included the pharmaceutical and chemical sectors, as well as biotechnology firms, the survey showed.

Most attacks were carried out by hackers who set their sights on cyber security loopholes in companies' IT systems. But other, more conventional methods were also used.

Some spies had eavesdropped on telephone conversations or intercepted e-mails to siphon off sensitive information, while others negotiated private contracts with employees.

Informants accounted for 33 percent of espionage cases, the report said, making efforts to raise staff awareness an important aspect in prevention.

Spying hotspots

According to the survey, about 38 percent of the attacks originated from Asian countries, but suggestions that China was leading the charge in industrial espionage were not substantiated.

Thirty-two percent of the attacks came from hackers in former Soviet countries, while 31 percent came from Eastern Europe.

But the report also revealed that North American hackers were increasingly making a name for themselves and about 21 percent of attacks had originated there.

"More and more firms have come to realize that domestic attacks and those carried out by states deemed friendly to Germany have accelerated," Schaaf said, noting that 29 percent of attacks against German companies came from within Germany.

uhe/cjc (dpa, www.corporate-trust.de)