Despite gloomy headlines about the asylum policy debate, a majority view life with their immigrant and non-immigrant neighbors positively. The study still noted an East-West split, as well as a divide on headscarves.
The "Integration Barometer 2018" is the first representative study on the matter to come out since the start of the so-called refugee crisis in 2015, which saw hundreds of thousands of people escaping war and poverty in their home countries enter Europe.
Despite refugees and immigration policy dominating the news and politician's speaking points in Germany, the study found that most people still think that life with their immigrant or non-immigrant neighbors is going well.
Main takeaways
Some 63.8 percent of local Germans — people described as not having an immigrant background — view the integration situation positively, down marginally from the 65.4 percent logged in 2015. Residents with immigrant backgrounds viewed the integration situation even more positively, rating it at 68.9 percent.
The study found a particular divide between the eastern and western states, with 66 percent of western Germans satisfied with the status of immigration, while eastern Germans rated it at 55 percent.
The study found that areas where fewer migrants live, such as in the eastern German states, there are more reservations about immigration and integration.
Men viewed the status of integration in Germany more negatively than women.
Refugees seek integration through employment
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Solution to tensions in education
Researchers noted that skepticism about immigrants can be overcome by having more "personal encounters."
"The everyday experiences are significantly better than what the [media] discourse would suggest," researchers wrote in the study.
Germany's integration commissioner, Annette Widmann-Mauz, said the study's results were "a good sign" and that it's important to support schools and other places where people have more opportunities to come into contact with their neighbors. She noted that the attitudes about integration are most positive "wherever there are direct contacts in the neighborhoods, among friends or at work."
Majority want to help refugees
Attitudes towards refugees were largely positive from both people with and without immigrant backgrounds in Germany. Around 60 percent of local Germans support continuing to take in refugees, also if Germany were the only country accepting asylum-seekers in the European Union. However, a majority of them also want to curb refugee arrivals.
Muslims in Europe: Integrated or not?
The spread of right-wing populist movements has raised doubts about whether the practice of Islam is compatible with Western democracy. DW takes a closer look at some common misconceptions.
Image: picture-alliance/Godong/Robert Harding
How successful is linguistic integration?
Three quarters of German-born Muslims grow up with German as a first language. Among immigrants, only one fifth claim that German is their first language. The trend of language skills improving with successive generations is apparent across Europe. In Germany 46 percent of all Muslims say that their national language is their first language. In Austria this is 37 percent, Switzerland 34 percent.
Image: picture-alliance/dpa
How do Muslims view interreligious relationships?
According to a 2017 study by Religion Monitor, 87 percent of Swiss Muslims have frequent contact with non-Muslims in their free time. In Germany and France it is 78 percent, while in the UK it's 68 percent and Austria, 62 percent. A large majority of Muslims in succeeding generations are found to have constant contact with non-Muslims, despite existing societal hurdles.
Image: imago/Westend61
Do Muslims feel connected in Europe?
Ninety-six percent of French Muslims feel connected with their country. The percentage of Muslims feeling the same way is equally high in Germany, while Switzerland has the highest levels, at 98 percent. Yet despite its relatively longer history of institutional openness to religious and cultural diversity, fewer Muslims, (89 percent) report feeling close ties to the UK.
Image: picture-alliance/dpa/H. Neubauer
How important is religion in the daily life of European Muslims?
Muslims from immigrant families maintain a strong religious commitment which continues across generations. Sixty-four percent of Muslims living in the UK describe themselves as highly religious. The share of devout Muslims stands at 42 percent in Austria, 39 percent in Germany, 33 percent in France and 26 percent in Switzerland.
Image: picture-alliance/dpa/F. Dean
What percentage of Muslim students pursue a degree?
According to data, 36 percent of German-born Muslims finish their education by the age of 17, without pursuing further studies. In Austria too, this proportion is around 39 percent. On the other hand, owing to a more equitable school system in France, Muslims there register significantly better educational outcomes. Only one in ten Muslim students leaves school before reaching 17.
Image: picture-alliance/dpa/O. Berg
What percentage of Muslims are in the job market?
About 60 percent of all Muslims who moved to Germany before 2010 now hold a full-time job, while 20 percent work part-time jobs. The figures are similar to those of non-Muslims. Muslims in Germany had higher employment rates than in other European countries. In France, the unemployment rate among Muslims is 14 percent, far higher than the 8 percent reported for non-Muslims.
Image: picture alliance/dpa/U.Baumgarten
How widespread is the rejection of Islam?
More than one in four non-Muslims in Austria do not want Muslims neighbors. This percentage is remarkably high in the UK as well, at 21 percent. In Germany, 19 percent of non-Muslim respondents say that they would not welcome Muslim neighbors. The figure stands at 17 percent in Switzerland and 14 percent in France. Overall, Muslims are among the most rejected social group.
Image: AP
‘Muslims in Europe - Integrated but not accepted’
The information included in this picture gallery is from the Bertelsmann Foundation’s study titled ‘Muslims in Europe - Integrated but not accepted?’ Conclusions are based on a representative survey of more than 10,000 people in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, France and the UK. Muslim refugees who arrived in Europe after 2010 were not surveyed for the study.
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Split on headscarf bans
Around 80 percent of Muslims questioned in the study supported women and girls being allowed to wear headscarves to school. Only 41 percent of Christians, on the other hand, thought that headscarves should be allowed in schools. Local Germans were more open to allowing headscarves in public authorities, with 52 percent backing the idea.
Muslim women living in Germany were specifically asked in the SVR study about their opinions on headscarf bans. Out of the 29 percent of women who said they wear a head covering, a majority backed measures for them to be allowed at school and public authorities. Around 66 percent of Muslim women who don't wear head coverings said they should be allowed.
Representative study
The "Integration Barometer 2018" is a representative study of people with and without immigrant backgrounds in Germany. A total of 9,298 people were surveyed between July 2017 and January 2018.
The results of the latest "Integration Barometer" come after weeks of far-right protests against refugees and immigrants rocked several eastern German cities, including Chemnitz and Köthen. Although topics focusing on migrants and refugees dominate headlines and dictate and within the German government, opinion polls suggest that concerns about pensions, housing, education and infrastructure top the list of issues people are most concerned about in Germany.
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