The space probe Cassini has sent its last signal before hurtling into Saturn's atmosphere. It delivered fascinating pictures and information from the ringed planet for more than a decade.
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Cassini's highlights
01:17
At 7:55 a.m. Eastern Time, Cassini's signal was lost when the space probe plunged into Saturn's atmosphere.
It actually stopped sending information a little earlier — the signals are more of an echo as it takes almost 90 minutes for them to reach Earth.
Scientists at Cassini's mission control center in Pasadena, California, hugged and celebrated the end of the almost 20-year mission that, especially toward the end, delivered stunning pictures and discoveries from Saturn and its moons. Over the last months, Cassini completed extremely close flybys and dove between Saturn and its rings 22 times.
The space probe was launched on October 15, 1997 and took almost seven years to arrive in Saturn's vicinity. For around 13 years, it delivered information to an international team of researchers.
The scientists learned that there are geysers on Saturn's moon Enceladus that spew water into space, a requisite for extraterrestrial life, and that when it rains on Titan, it rains methane.
Passing through Saturn's rings: Cassini's last mission
Cassini has been roaming the far corners of space for 20 years, but the end is nigh. One of its last hurrahs: the spacecraft has just flown through Saturn's rings - an extremely risky mission.
Image: picture-alliance/dpa/NASA/DLR
Cassini is alive!
These pictures show: Cassini has survived the dive between Saturn and its rings and completed that part of its complicated mission. There was no contact between mission control and the space craft during the maneuver. There are 21 more dives like this one scheduled until mid-September. Cassini will take a special place in space history!
Image: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute
Understanding the birth of planets
"No spacecraft has ever flown through this unique region," NASA administrator Thomas Zurbuchen said. "The information we'll gather from Cassini's daring final loops will improve our understanding of how giant planets and planetary systems are born. It's truly discovery in action until the very end."
Image: picture-alliance/Zumapress/JPL-Caltech
Fear of destructive particles
There's a gap of roughly 2,400 kilometers (1,490 miles) between gas giant Saturn and his rings. "Based on our models we expect this gap to be free of particles that would be big enough to do damage to our spacecraft," NASA project manager Earl Maize said. "There's definitely some things we don't know - but that's one of the reasons we're doing risky research like this at the end of the mission."
Cassini has delivered spectacular pictures over the last 20 years. This image taken by the spacecraft shows Saturn's rotating storm clouds over the planet's north pole. Measurements have shown that the vortex has a diameter of 2,000 kilometers (1243 miles). The clouds in it are whipped around by the wind with a speed of up to 540 kilometers per hour (335 miles per hour).
Image: picture-alliance/dpa/NASA/Jpl-Caltech
It's a small world
You can hardly tell it's there, but the arrow in this wide angle shot taken by Cassini marks our Earth - a tiny dot because the picture was taken from very, very far away. The distance between the spacecraft and Earth was roughly 1.44 billion kilometers. Saturn and its rings can be seen in the foreground.
Image: picture-alliance/dpa/NASA/Jpl-Caltech
Pac-Man moons
From hot to cold: The colors show the unusual temperature patterns on Saturn's Mimas and Thetys moons. The data for this image was captured by the spacecraft's infrared camera.
Image: picture-alliance/dpa/NASA/Jpl-Caltech
Life away from Earth?
Cassini has also collected data from Saturn moon Enceladus. Experts believe there are water molecules on the icy satellite. Researchers see this as proof that energy is created on Enceladus. This means that life on the satellite would theoretically be possible.
Image: picture-alliance/Zumapress/NASA
Methane lakes
Also among Cassini's spectacular discoveries: the liquid methane lakes on Titan. Saturn's largest moon was discovered in 1655 by Dutch astronomer Christiaan Huygens. It's still interesting to researchers today: Cassini spent more than ten years around Titan.
Image: NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASI
Cloud river
This view, composed of images taken by Cassini's wide-angle camera, is reminiscent of a large river. The images actually show clouds in Saturn's northern hemisphere. The final picture was made using a combination of spectral filters sensitive to infrared light.
Image: picture-alliance/Newscom/NASA
The end is nigh
If things go according to plan, Cassini's life will end on September 15. The 12,600-kilogramm spacecraft will start its controlled plunge toward Saturn 20 years after the mission began - and it will keep sending data to Earth until the very end. "Cassini will make some of its most amazing discoveries at the end of its long life," NASA researcher Linda Spilker said.