Greenland is emerging as a major geopolitical hotspot as climate change exposes vast reserves of oil, gas, and rare earth elements essential for modern technologies. With more than 36 million tons of rare earth resources, the Arctic territory could become the world's second‑largest supplier after China.

As Beijing currently controls up to 60% of global rare earth mining and has restricted exports amid rising tensions, Greenland's untapped minerals are drawing heightened US strategic interest. However, harsh climate conditions and limited infrastructure still make extraction costly and challenging.