NASA spacecraft Cassini is sending signals back to Earth after its highly complicated dive through the gap between Saturn and its rings. It was the first of 22 planned dives.
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Passing through Saturn's rings: Cassini's last mission
Cassini has been roaming the far corners of space for 20 years, but the end is nigh. One of its last hurrahs: the spacecraft has just flown through Saturn's rings - an extremely risky mission.
Image: picture-alliance/dpa/NASA/DLR
Cassini is alive!
These pictures show: Cassini has survived the dive between Saturn and its rings and completed that part of its complicated mission. There was no contact between mission control and the space craft during the maneuver. There are 21 more dives like this one scheduled until mid-September. Cassini will take a special place in space history!
Image: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute
Understanding the birth of planets
"No spacecraft has ever flown through this unique region," NASA administrator Thomas Zurbuchen said. "The information we'll gather from Cassini's daring final loops will improve our understanding of how giant planets and planetary systems are born. It's truly discovery in action until the very end."
Image: picture-alliance/Zumapress/JPL-Caltech
Fear of destructive particles
There's a gap of roughly 2,400 kilometers (1,490 miles) between gas giant Saturn and his rings. "Based on our models we expect this gap to be free of particles that would be big enough to do damage to our spacecraft," NASA project manager Earl Maize said. "There's definitely some things we don't know - but that's one of the reasons we're doing risky research like this at the end of the mission."
Cassini has delivered spectacular pictures over the last 20 years. This image taken by the spacecraft shows Saturn's rotating storm clouds over the planet's north pole. Measurements have shown that the vortex has a diameter of 2,000 kilometers (1243 miles). The clouds in it are whipped around by the wind with a speed of up to 540 kilometers per hour (335 miles per hour).
Image: picture-alliance/dpa/NASA/Jpl-Caltech
It's a small world
You can hardly tell it's there, but the arrow in this wide angle shot taken by Cassini marks our Earth - a tiny dot because the picture was taken from very, very far away. The distance between the spacecraft and Earth was roughly 1.44 billion kilometers. Saturn and its rings can be seen in the foreground.
Image: picture-alliance/dpa/NASA/Jpl-Caltech
Pac-Man moons
From hot to cold: The colors show the unusual temperature patterns on Saturn's Mimas and Thetys moons. The data for this image was captured by the spacecraft's infrared camera.
Image: picture-alliance/dpa/NASA/Jpl-Caltech
Life away from Earth?
Cassini has also collected data from Saturn moon Enceladus. Experts believe there are water molecules on the icy satellite. Researchers see this as proof that energy is created on Enceladus. This means that life on the satellite would theoretically be possible.
Image: picture-alliance/Zumapress/NASA
Methane lakes
Also among Cassini's spectacular discoveries: the liquid methane lakes on Titan. Saturn's largest moon was discovered in 1655 by Dutch astronomer Christiaan Huygens. It's still interesting to researchers today: Cassini spent more than ten years around Titan.
Image: NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASI
Cloud river
This view, composed of images taken by Cassini's wide-angle camera, is reminiscent of a large river. The images actually show clouds in Saturn's northern hemisphere. The final picture was made using a combination of spectral filters sensitive to infrared light.
Image: picture-alliance/Newscom/NASA
The end is nigh
If things go according to plan, Cassini's life will end on September 15. The 12,600-kilogramm spacecraft will start its controlled plunge toward Saturn 20 years after the mission began - and it will keep sending data to Earth until the very end. "Cassini will make some of its most amazing discoveries at the end of its long life," NASA researcher Linda Spilker said.
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NASA confirmed on early Thursday, that spacecraft Cassini has started sending data back to Earth after its complicated maneuver. The control center at NASA's Deep Space Network Goldstone Complex in California's Mojave Desert received the first signal four minutes before midnight local time on Thursday night. At that time it was 8:56 am Thursday morning in Central Europe. Shortly afterwards a stream of data started flowing back to the control center.
"In the grandest tradition of exploration, NASA's Cassini spacecraft has once again blazed a trail, showing us new wonders and demonstrating where our curiosity can take us if we dare," said Jim Green, director of the Planetary Science Division at NASA Headquarters in Washington.
No spacecraft was ever closer to Saturn and its rings
During the flight through the gap between Saturn and its rings, Cassini came within 3,000 kilometers (1,865 miles) of the uppermost clouds of the Saturn atmosphere. There, the air pressure is about 1 bar - the same as it is on Earth at sea level. The distance to the innermost of the Saturn rings was only 300 Kilometers.
Cassini has already sent down the first pictures from its mission.
"No spacecraft has ever been this close to Saturn before," said Cassini Project Manager Earl Maize of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. "We could only rely on predictions, based on our experience with Saturn's other rings, of what we thought this gap between the rings and Saturn would be like."
The gap between Saturn and its rings is about 2,000 kilometers wide. The researchers believed that possible particles in that region would not be much bigger than smoke particles. But even at that size, they could have damaged the spacecraft, which is travelling at a speed of 124,000 kilometers (77,050 miles) per hour.
Using the dish-antenna as a shield
During the dive, Cassini was protecting itself by using its large dish antenna as a shield against potential dust particles. That's why the spacecraft had no contact to Earth during the maneuver. The next dive is planned for May 2.
If everything works out as planned, NASA will conduct a total of 22 flights through the gap between Saturn and its rings by September 15. Then, in what will be Cassini's great finale, the spacecraft will descend even deeper into Saturn's atmosphere and eventually burn up.