Houston's emergency services are only responding to life-and-death calls and the storm is just half-way through its course over Texas. Ahead of the storm, residents were left unsure of whether to evacuate or not.
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Vast swathes of Houston are under water as authorities warned that Tropical Storm Harvey would dump a further 2 feet (60 centimeters) of rain, with sustained winds of up to 40 mph (65 kph).
Emergency services were already so swamped with calls they could only respond to life and death cases. That left many residents with the choice of staying in their homes with rising water levels or venturing into potentially deadly flood water.
According to the US Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), around one-quarter of Texas's population has been affected, or some 6.8 million people, across 18 counties. At least two deaths have been reported.
The National Hurricane Center urged people to stay put if they were safe, although former directors of the service feared people would try their luck in the water over the next few days.
US President Donald Trump traveled to Texas on Tuesday. He called the storm "epic" but said that "Texas can handle anything."
Image: Reuters/C. Barria
Dog days
A man returns to his house to rescue his pet dog.
Image: Getty Images/AFP/M. Ralston
Looking for paperwork
A man and his son are hoping to fish paperwork and heirlooms from their flooded home in Bear Creek, Houston.
Image: Getty Images/E. Schlegel
Flooded cemetery
The tombstones in South Park Cemetery in Pearland, Texas are almost submerged.
Image: Getty Images/H.Ellessy
Chest-deep water
Interstate highways 45 and 610 were left completely submerged on Sunday, with residents forced to wade through chest-deep flooding. The city's two main airports suspended all commercial flights.
Image: picture-alliance/AP Photo/David J. Phillip
No sightseeing please!
On Sunday, the National Hurricane Center urged residents to stay put, warning that most deaths from hurricanes occur in the waters afterwards. On Wednesday, it warned people not to go sightseeing or drive around barricades.
Image: Reuters/C. Tycksen
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Mixed signals
Before the storm, residents of Houston were given mixed signals on whether to evacuate, with the Texas governor and the Houston mayor advising different courses of action.
Desiree Mallard and her 2-year-old son arrived at an emergency shelter after escaping their apartment complex with an inflated air mattress. A Coast Guard vessel picked them up.
She told the Associated Press that she wished she had left before Hurricane Harvey approached the Texas Gulf Coast, but she saw on the news to stay in place.
"And then when it got bad, they said it's too late to evacuate," she said.
Mayor defends decision
Houston Mayor Sylvester Turner, who advised people not to evacuate, defended his advice on Sunday.
"The decision that we made was a smart one. It was in the best interest of Houstonians," he said. "It was the right decision in terms of their safety and always we must put the interests of the city and Houstonians first. That's exactly what we did. We did what was the right thing to do."
He said factors that informed his decision included not knowing where Hurricane Harvey was headed, and the "crazy" logistics of evacuating a city of 2.3 million people within a couple of days.
Turner recalled the deaths of dozens of people in 2005 as they were stuck in 20 hours of gridlock trying to flee the city before Hurricane Rita hit. Rita changed course and made landfall elsewhere, but people died of heatstroke and in accidents in the chaos.
On Sunday Twitter users shared images of the disaster, showing the devastating effects of the flooding.
Wave bed sheets, residents told
The flooding in Houston was so comprehensive that authorities had trouble pinpointing the worst-hit areas. They urged survivors to go to their roofs and wave sheets or towels to attract attention.
People used inflatable beach toys, boats and even air mattresses to help get through the water to safety. The city's main convention center was quickly opened as a shelter.
Hurricane Harvey devastates Texas coastline
Hurricane Harvey, the worst hurricane to hit the US mainland in more than a decade, is continuing to lash the state of Texas with torrential rains, even though its winds have subsided. Damage has already been severe.
Image: Reuters/R. Wilking
Huge amounts of rain
Hurricane Harvey, which hit the coast of the US state of Texas on Friday night as a Category 4 storm, has since weakened. But although the winds may have fallen, the floods have risen, causing widespread havoc, even inland. The full extent of the damage where the storm has already passed is only gradually becoming clear - and it is still raging elsewhere.
Image: Reuters/R. Wilking
Not finished yet
Forecasters say that Harvey, now downgraded to tropical storm status, will linger along the shore for the next four to five days. Two people have already been reported dead as a result of the storm, and many have lost their homes, as in this mobile home park in Port Aransas. Nearly 230,000 people have been hit by power outages.
Image: Imago/ZUMA Press/G. Hernandez
Keeping watch
Texas had plenty of warning that the hurricane, the worst in the state since 1961, was on its way. And officials at the State of Texas Emergency Command Center are keeping a watchful eye on Harvey's slow progress. But they can only do so much to prevent damage as the storm works its way along the coastline.
The city of Rockport was directly in Harvey's path as it made landfall and has suffered extreme damage, the entire extent of which has yet to be assessed. People in Rockport who did not leave the town ahead of the storm were advised by its acting mayor to write their names and social security numbers on their arms in indelible ink to make identification easier if anything happened to them.
Image: Reuters/R. Wilking
Hotel without walls
The Fairfield Inn in Rockport was one of the buildings to suffer extreme damage in the high winds. Homes, businesses and schools were also heavily affected or even destroyed.
Image: Reuters/R. Wilking
In distress
Shipping in the region has been severely disrupted. The US Coast Guard has rescued 20 people from boats and barges in distress. And the third-largest petrochemical port in the US in Corpus Christi was closed with extensive damage.
Image: Reuters/ U.S. Coast Guard
A strong president needed
US President Donald Trump is now facing the first major emergency management test of his administration. And he will be aware of the damage done to George W. Bush's presidency by Bush's slow response to Hurricane Katrina in August 2005. The White House said Trump had met with his Cabinet and senior administration officials to discuss the federal response to the disaster.
Image: Reuters/A. Brandon
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Mayor Turner said authorities had received more than 6,000 calls for rescue. He urged drivers to stay off flooded roads to avoid adding to the number of those stranded.
"I don't need to tell anyone this is a very, very serious and unprecedented storm," Turner told a news conference. "We have several hundred structural flooding reports. We expect that number to rise pretty dramatically."
Volunteers joined emergency teams to rescue people from the water and their houses. Helicopters landed near flooded freeways, airboats buzzed across submerged neighborhoods and high-wheel vehicles drove through the water.
More rain to come
The National Weather Service warned that Houston and its suburbs could receive as much as 50 inches (1.3 meters) of rain, the most ever recorded in Texas. Some areas already received about half that amount on Sunday.
Hurricane Harvey: 'A major disaster'
The governor of the US state of Texas has warned of a "major disaster" in the wake of Hurricane Harvey's landfall. Residents have fled areas within the hurricane's path, with authorities fearing the worst.
Image: Getty Images/AFP/M. Ralston
Preparations
Texas Governor Greg Abbott warned people ahead of landfall that Hurricane Harvey "is going to be a very major disaster." Emergency services installed surge walls on critical roads near the Gulf Coast as the hurricane gained strength before reaching land.
Image: picture-alliance/AP Photo/N.Wagner
Empty shelves
In a rush to prepare for the major hurricane, shoppers have emptied shelves at grocery stores. In the wake of a devastating hurricane, there can be a general lack of access to basic supplies, including food, medicine and water.
Image: picture-alliance/AP Photo/D.J.Philip
Surf's up
While emergency services prepared for Hurricane Harvey, others took the opportunity to surf. Ahead of major hurricanes, surfers have often taken to the rough waves before a major hurricane for a thrill ride.
Image: picture alliance/AP Images/D.J.Phillip
Cats before the storm
Preparing for a hurricane means different things for different people. For volunteers at the Calhoun Country Humane Society, it means rushing to find homes for the remaining animals at the shelter.
Image: picture-alliance/AP Photo/A.Ramirez
A huge swirl from space ...
Hurricane Harvey was a threatening sight as it came in from the Gulf of Mexico. The extent of Harvey is well-captured in this shot from the GOES-16 satellite.
Image: picture-alliance/ZUMA Wire/Noaa
... and huge damage on the ground
These traffic lights in Corpus Christi shine on despite having been bowled over by the winds ahead of Hurricane Harvey. Authorities expect widespread devastation.
Image: Reuters/A. Latif
Battered coastline
Seaside houses in Corpus Christi have come in for a bruising, after Harvey barreled into the Texas coast with winds of 209 kilometers per hour (130 miles per hour). But the hurricane was later downgraded from Category 4 - the second-highest - to Category 2. That still means wind speeds of up to 177 kilometers per hour, though.
Image: Getty Images/AFP/M. Ralston
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"The breadth and intensity of this rainfall is beyond anything experienced before," the National Weather Service said in a statement.
The center of Harvey, which started as a Category 4 hurricane (with sustained winds between130 and 156 mph), was still about 125 miles (200 km) from Houston and was forecast to move towards the city through Wednesday.
Texas Governor Greg Abbott told a news conference that new tornado warnings were expected.
Two people are confirmed to have died in the disaster, with that number expected to rise.
President Donald Trump plans to go to Texas on Tuesday to survey damage from the storm, a White House spokeswoman said.