Thousands of Indian factory workers are helping train the next generation of AI-powered humanoid robots by wearing body-mounted cameras that record every movement on the job. The footage is turned into training data and sold to AI companies developing robots for factories and warehouses.

While employers see greater efficiency and profits, many workers fear surveillance, job losses and a lack of legal protections. As demand for robot-training data surges, the debate is growing over who benefits from the AI boom — and who bears the risks.