The first Amazon-based climate summit sees record Indigenous participation — more than 1,000 from nine countries — yet many remain outside official halls, protesting for land rights and to be heard as a voice in climate policy. In one protest, Indigenous groups blocked COP30's venue in Belem, demanding direct talks and climate justice. COP30 President Andre Correa do Lago met them, prompting Brazil's pledge to demarcate two territories by year's end. Indigenous lands are vital for biodiversity and carbon storage.