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PoliticsIran

Iran's exiled opposition remains deeply divided

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Theresa Tropper
January 16, 2026

Iran's exiled opposition is struggling to unite. Royalists supporting Reza Pahlavi are competing with a range of pro-democracy activists, while protesters inside Iran continue to push for change.

Iran's opposition in exile remains divided despite shared demands for an end to the Islamic Republic.

Supporters of Reza Pahlavi are vocal but controversial, while figures such as Masih Alinejad, Nazanin Boniadi, Hamed Esmaeilion, Shirin Ebadi, and Kurdish leader Abdullah Mohtadi push for unity.

Inside Iran, activism persists despite repression and jailed leaders.

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