Since the start of the US‑Israeli attacks on Iran, concerns about retaliation have grown — not only in the Middle East but also in Germany. Interior Minister Alexander Dobrindt said security services are closely monitoring the situation, and authorities have stepped up protection at sensitive sites, including synagogues and Israeli or US consulates.

To assess the threat Iran might pose to Germany, DW spoke with extremism expert Hans‑Jakob Schindler, senior director of the Counter Extremism Project.

"It's clear that the defense strategy of the Islamic regime in Iran really is hybrid warfare," Schindler said. "Therefore, the idea that they could also try to increase the economic and political costs of military confrontation globally by using terror attacks as they had a history in the past of doing is definitely something that is very clear."