Following a Hamas‑led terror attack on Israel on October 7, 2023, Israel's subsequent military operations in the region have deepened internal political divisions and fueled uncertainty over the country's future.

Israel declared independence on May 14, 1948, but the holiday is observed according to the Hebrew calendar. It immediately follows Yom HaZikaron, Israel's memorial day for fallen soldiers and civilian victims of attacks — a deliberate pairing intended to link national celebration with remembrance.