Latvian Prime Minister Andris Kulbergs appeared set to remain in power on Sunday after his centrist United List secured 35.3% of the vote in the country's parliamentary election.

The result gives United List 42 of 100 seats and puts Kulbergs in a strong position to form another pro-Ukraine coalition.

What do the results show?

With 97% of ballots counted, United List had secured the country's biggest parliamentary election victory since Latvia regained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.

The party could secure a parliamentary majority with either the nationalist National Alliance or the left-leaning Progressives, political scientist Roberts Kits said.

Kulbergs, a 47-year-old businessman and amateur rally driver, only came to power in May after the previous coalition collapsed over its handling of incidents involving stray Ukrainian military drones.

An exit poll put the the populist Latvia First party in second place with 11.3% — nearly double its share at the last election in 2022. It had courted the country's substantial ethnic Russian minority.

Kulbergs said on Saturday night that he would not cooperate with any pro-Russian parties and specifically ruled out forming a coaltition with Latvia First.

Some 1.5 million people were eligible to vote in the country's 11th parliamentary election since independence in 1991. 

The election, which saw 100 seats in the Saeima being contested by 14 parties using a proportional system, was dominated by rising living costs and national security concerns in the small Baltic country which borders both Russia and Belarus.

Latvia vote shaped by Russia concerns

Russia's ongoing invasion of Ukraine is seen as a direct threat to national security in Latvia which, like Ukraine, is a former Soviet state with a sizeable ethnic Russian and Russian-speaking minority.

Unlike Ukraine, however, Latvia is a member of both the European Union and NATO.

Riga is one of Kyiv's closest partners and supporters, having committed itself by law to spending at least 5% of GDP on defense – leaving less room for spending elsewhere.

Many Latvians complain of high prices and low wages, the economy is sluggish, the health system is under strain, and emigration and an ageing population remain persistent challenges.

Populist movements such as the Sovereign Power/Young Latvians Alliance and the Latvia First party have attempted to exploit discontent by taking a less stringent line towards Moscow and arguing that a complete economic decoupling from Russia is damaging.

German Eurofighter jets in Latvian airspace

Nevertheless, no parties proposed any major deviation from Latvia's clear foreign policy alignment with the EU and NATO.

Indeed, four German Eurofighter jets were deployed to protect Latvian airspace during the election in response to a request from Riga.

Edited by: Natalie Muller