Regular visitors to England's Sherwood Forest have been angered by the sight of naked men in the woods, made famous by the legend of Robin Hood.
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It is no longer bands of Merry Men with bows and arrows that are likely to frighten visitors to England's Sherwood Forest, but rather groups of nude ones, British media reported on Friday.
"In recent times, nudists have started walking around here, sometimes in groups of up to 12 men," said regular visitor Robert Robinson on the website change.org, where he has organized a petition in protest at the practice.
He said his wife had stopped her regular jogs through the forest after an encounter with a naked man that she found particularly disturbing.
'No need to walk around naked'
The petition is addressed to the Nottinghamshire County Council and the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB), which run the nature reserve.
Robinson blamed the RSPB for promoting nudism in newspapers and on signs.
"There is no need to walk about naked. Clothes do not stop you enjoying the forest," the petition says.
Naturists are in fact tolerated and allowed in parts of the larger Sherwood Forest region, though they are encouraged to stay away from the most-visited areas.
Bare facts: Germany's nudism movement
Germans find it easier to strip naked on a beach or in a sauna than people from many other countries. A brief history of the country's nudism movement, known as FKK.
Image: picture-alliance/dpa/B. Pedersen
A 'free body': Germany's nudist culture
It's a part of German culture, just like techno music and "Spargelzeit," the asparagus season. Even though the practice of Freikörperkultur (FKK), which translates as "free body culture," is dwindling among the younger generations of Germans, you'll still find lots of FKK areas on beaches as well as nude culture enthusiasts in spas — and even parks.
Image: Imago/D. Matthes
Healthy hobby
By the late 19th century, many Germans believed it was healthy to strip off and bathe "textile free" at one of the country's many lakes. At the time there was a move away from polluted industrialized cities to nature in pursuit of good health. Some people also enjoyed hiking or exercising in the nude. This picture dates back to 1933 and shows two women at Lake Chiemsee in Bavaria.
Image: picture-alliance/IMAGNO/Christ
Promoted in film
Increasing health through free movement in nature was an ethos featured in the 1925 film "Wege zu Kraft und Schönheit" ("Ways to Strength and Beauty"). Starring controversial German actor and filmmaker Leni Riefenstahl, it was one of the country's most popular educational films of the silent era. It contained scenes of physical exercise such as dance and bathing.
Image: Imago
FKK and the Nazis
Riefenstahl later became Hitler's favorite filmmaker, and glorified the Aryan athletic physique in her two-part film "Olympia," based on the 1936 Olympic Games held in Berlin. While the Nazis initially banned FKK, nude swimming was once again allowed in 1942, if done discreetly in remote areas. Many promoters of the FKK movement were, however, leftists.
Image: Criterion
A strong tradition in the former GDR
While FKK in East Germany was initially promoted by avant-gardists in the 1950s, it became widespread and tolerated by the '70s. As life in East Germany was so tightly controlled in other ways, bathing nude could be seen as a rare liberty — and people made full use of it. In this picture from 1986, dozens of nudists bask in the sun at Müggelsee, a lake in the suburbs of East Berlin.
Image: picture-alliance/dpa/T. Uhlema
FKK on the Baltic coast
FKK was also particularly strong on Baltic Sea beaches. However, the practice didn't spread to the Polish side of the coast. After Poland joined the EU, it became easier to walk from one country to the other along the beach, but nudism caused tensions between the localities on both sides of the German-Polish border.
Image: Imago/argum/C. Lehsten
Getting into the FKK spirit
At this beach in Leipzig in 1980, nudists hang out together on a hot day. The FKK spirit is about celebrating the body and being free from clothes. According to FKK enthusiasts, the practice is not connected to sex; it's about freeing yourself from social constraints. And it's certainly one way to make sure that you don't get any pesky tan lines from wearing a swimsuit.
Image: Imago/imagebroker
Not only in the east: Munich's designated spots
While public nudity is generally forbidden in Munich, there are various specific areas where FKK is allowed, for example in the English Garden and along the Isar River, including the Flaucher beach area, a popular destination for nudists, as this picture on a hot day from 2002 shows. FKK areas usually have a clear sign, and people chilling there do not want to be seen as a tourist attraction.
Image: Imago/K-P. Wolf
Berlin's park life
The practice isn't as widespread as it used to be, but some parks still have a certain FKK tradition — so you might come across more flesh than you were expecting on an afternoon walk. While public nudity is illegal, sunbathing naked is tolerated in different Berlin parks, such as the Mauerpark, Volkspark Friedrichshain (pictured in 1999) and Tiergarten — as long as it's not disturbing anyone.
Image: Imago/Lem
Passion for millions of Germans
Chancellor Angela Merkel was famously taking a sauna the night the Berlin Wall came down; it was her Thursday ritual. Figures show that around 30 million people in Germany are regular visitors to the country's 2,300 saunas. The majority of spas are open to all genders and require users to be textile-free.
Image: picture-alliance/dpa/P. Pleul
Bare it all in the wild
It may not be for everyone, but if you really want to get in touch with nature you could try going for a hike — au naturel. Deep in Germany's Harz mountain region, you'll find an 18-kilometer (11-mile) naked hiking route. Stretching from the town of Dankerode to the Wippertal reservoir and back, the route welcomes FKK aficionados. Just watch out for nettles!
Image: picture-alliance/dpa
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A clothed hero to the poor
The forest is a magnet for visitors from Britain and abroad owing to its legendary role as the home of the outlaw Robin Hood and his band, who are said to have had their hideout at the 1,000-year-old Major Oak Tree in the forest.
The stories of Robin Hood describe him as a hero who, with his Merry Men, robbed the rich and gave to the poor.
His main opponent, the Sheriff of Nottingham, always comes off the worst in their encounters.
None of the legends describe Robin Hood as carrying out his activities in the nude, but rather as being clad from head to toe in forest green.
Robin Hood, the selfless hero
The legend of the outlaw who'd steal from the rich to give to the poor has already inspired many films. The character still stands for social justice today. No one knows if Robin Hood actually existed.
The Hollywood hit
The story of the "Prince of Thieves" was adapted into countless films. Kevin Costner (picture) portrayed the legendary title character, while Morgan Freeman played his faithful companion, Azeem, in the version directed by Kevin Reynolds in 1991. The secret star of the film, however, was the late Alan Rickman, in the role of the Sherrif of Nottingham.
A medieval hero
Authors were already describing Robin Hood's fabulous feats in the Middle Ages. They were summarized for the first time in the ballad "A Gest of Robyn Hode." The 15th century tale recounts in 456 stanzas the story of the outlaw. To this day, it is the most important source text for scholars researching the historical figure behind the legendary hero.
Image: public domain
A clever fox
Disney turned the characters of the medieval story into animals in the animated classic from 1973. The clever fox Robin is supported by his loyal bear friend, Little John. Together, they fight against Prince John, a lion, and his unscrupulous henchman, the Sheriff of Nottingham, a wolf.
Image: Walt Disney
Mischief in Sherwood
Robin Hood is a red-headed hero instead of a fox in the 3D animated series "Robin Hood: Mischief in Sherwood." Created for children aged six and older, the series shows the adventures of the young Robin and how he always manages to outwit his archenemy, Prince John.
His favorite hiding place
According to the legend, Robin and his companions are said to have hidden in this spreading oak tree to escape the sheriff's lackeys. The over 700-year-old tree, known in England as the Major Oak, stands in the Sherwood Forest near Nottingham. Since the Victorian era, a sophisticated scaffolding system has supported some of the tree's massive branches.
Sometimes she is portrayed as a noble, sometimes as a simple citizen. Maid Marian (in some versions Lady Marion of Leaford) is Robin Hood's love interest. Even in the medieval texts, she is portrayed as a strong independent woman, which is unusual for the time. In Richard Lester's movie "Robin and Marian" (1976), the couple is portrayed by Sean Connery and Audrey Hepburn.
Image: Getty Images
Enough material for a parody
For satire fans, "Robin Hood: Men in Tights" is probably the best of all Robin Hood movies. The 1993 satirical comedy lampoons the previous films on the outlaw, especially the "Prince of Thieves" version with Kevin Costner. Along with slapstick humor and easy puns, the film adds a few unexpected characters, such as a rapper crew and director Mel Brooks as a rabbi (picture).
Image: Imago
A successful comic star
He was not only the star of numerous films and TV series: He also inspired a famous French comic series, originally titled "Robin des Bois," which was translated into German in the mid-70s as "Robin Hood, der Herr der Wälder." Nearly 100 issues were released altogether.
Memorial for an outsider
It doesn't really matter if Robin Hood actually existed: His legend has thrilled people for hundreds of years. In 1952, the city of Nottingham immortalized its most famous son. Paying tribute to his reputation as an outsider and an opponent of the establishment, the statue was built outside the city walls.
Image: Wikipedia/L. Goff
A symbol for social justice
Then as now, the name Robin Hood has always represented the fight against poverty. Various aid organizations, foundations and soup kitchens are named after the mythical hero. In 2010, protesters in Berlin called for the introduction of a Robin Hood tax, a financial transaction levy that would help tackle poverty and climate change globally.