Following on from a London retrospective of legendary British sculptor and pop artist Eduardo Paolozzi, a Berlin exhibition celebrates the experimental side of the artist's influential oeuvre.
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Eduardo Paolozzi: 'Lots of Pictures — Lots of Fun'
A series of "Bunk!" collages created by the artist in Paris and London between 1947 and 1952 are widely acknowledged as pioneering pop art prototypes. Some are the centerpiece of a new Paolozzi exhibition in Berlin.
Image: Trustees of the Paolozzi Foundation/VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn 2017
'Bunk!: Evadne in Green Dimension,' 1952
Paolozzi’s "Bunk!" collages are regarded as the first works of British pop art. They were unveiled at the legendary Bunk! lecture in 1952 that was organized by the Independent Group, an informal association of young artists. Paolozzi later silk-screened the works as part of his "Bunk!" portfolio in 1972. The collages gained even greater recognition in the wake of the 60s pop art explosion.
Image: Trustees of the Paolozzi Foundation/VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn 2017
'Bunk!: Take Off,' 1950
Taken from advertising images in a 1950 edition of "US Camera" magazine, this classic collage juxtaposes a plane and ice-skater in the act of taking flight — perhaps a comment on postwar American exuberance as reflected in the mass media of the time. The work was originally shown via an epidiascope that projected pages from Paolozzi's sketchbook, including his magazine cutouts.
Image: Trustees of the Paolozzi Foundation/VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn 2017
Eduardo Paolozzi, 'His Majesty the Wheel,' 1958–1959
This is one of the richly structured, brutalist bronze sculptural works created by Paolozzi in the 1950s. After studying in Edinburgh and London, the artist went to Paris in 1947 and developed a sculptural style that was inspired by the likes of Swiss artist Alberto Giacometti. The powerful sculpture again saw Paolozzi explore the interface between humans and machines.
Image: Trustees of the Paolozzi Foundation/VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn 2017
'As is When: Wittgenstein in New York,' 1965
The twelve-part collage series "As is when" was Paolozzi's first major print portfolio. The collages, from which these silkscreens are derived, were created between May 1964 and March 1965. The series as a whole referred to Austrian-British philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. This particular collage depicts Wittgenstein's travels to New York during and after the war.
Image: Trustees of the Paolozzi Foundation/VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn 2017
'As is When: Wittgenstein the Soldier,' 1965
Paolozzi was not so much interested in Wittgenstein’s philosophical work as his complex life. This was the trigger for the artists' idea of "incorporating multiple layers of experience into collage" and distilling them into a picture. "I had to find somebody — like Wittgenstein — to attach this idea to,” Paolozzi once said.
Image: Trustees of the Paolozzi Foundation/VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn 2017
'Bunk: Vogue Gorilla with Miss Harper,' 1950
Paolozzi's "Bunk: Vogue Gorilla with Miss Harper" from 1950 is an example of a "readymade" collage taken wholly from a magazine that plays on existing cultural collages and juxtapositions. This pop art prototype was remarkable in the way it challenged the aesthetic and artistic conventions of its time.
Image: Trustees of the Paolozzi Foundation/VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn 2017
'Bunk: I was a Rich Man's Plaything,' 1947
This iconic Paolozzi collage featured the full front cover of the trashy American magazine, "Intimate Confessions." The work is regarded as pioneering pop art that actually features the word "pop" — montaged onto the cover as part of an image of a gun. An accompanying advertisement maintains the theme of flying that features in "Take Off," while the whole work is reminiscent of Dada photomontage.
Image: Trustees of the Paolozzi Foundation/VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn 2017
'Parrot,' 1964
"Parrot" belongs to a group of aluminum sculptures that Eduardo Paolozzi made during a phase of intense activity between 1962 and 1964, when he was working closely with an engineering company. Unlike his bronze figures in the 1950s that used waxed casts, Paolozzi was now using mechanically pre-formed metal components and welding them together into sculptures with a smooth, shiny surface.
Image: Trustees of the Paolozzi Foundation/VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn 2017
'Eduardo Paolozzi,' undated
Eduardo Paolozzi challenged the aesthetic conventions of his day by applying innovative artistic techniques such as silkscreen and sampling to printing and sculpture. The first monographic exhibition in Germany to be devoted to this artist in over thirty years immediately follows the Eduardo Paolozzi show at the Whitechapel Gallery in London.
Image: Trustees of the Paolozzi Foundation/VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn 2017
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"One of the most innovative and irreverent artists of British postwar modernism."
That's how Stefanie Heckmann, curator of the Berlinische Galerie's exhibition "Eduardo Paolozzi: Lots of Pictures — Lots of Fun," describes the sculptor and artist. Born in Edinburgh in 1924 of Italian descent, the young Paolozzi co-founded the avant-garde and highly influential London Independent Group, an association of radical young British artists.
He also unwittingly pioneered pop in the late 1940s art and early 1950s when he created a series of collages created from magazine cutouts that echoed the Dada photomontage of Hannah Höch, but focused on popular culture and advertising.
"After the Second World War, Paolozzi was one of the first artists in the UK to be fascinated by the imagery surrounding consumer culture and mass media," Heckmann notes.
"From colorful American magazines, comics, newspapers and advertisements, Paolozzi cut and pasted his early 'Bunk!' collages that paved the way for British pop art," Heckmann told DW. Indeed, several "Bunk!" screenprints that were created by the artist in the 1970s from his original collages will be the key focus of the exhibition.
The Berlinische Galerie's show, which opens on Februray 9, is held in collaboration with London's Whitechapel Gallery, which in 2017 hosted a Paolozzi retrospective that showed the artist's complete oeuvre. The exhibition in the German modern art museum is the first monographic show in Germany in over thirty years to be devoted to this artist.
"In contrast to the London show, the Berlinische Galerie concentrates on its idiosyncratic, experimental work from the 1940s to the 1970s, with which the artist drew great international attention," says Heckmann.
On display are the most important works from international private and public collections, supplemented by a number of pieces from the Berlin years. Having lived and worked in Paris in the late 1940s, Paolozzi spent a productive year in West Berlin from 1974-75. The exhibition also draws on works already held in the Berlinische Galerie's permanent collection.
Paolozzi had a strong affinity with Germany and after leaving Berlin based himself in Munich until the 1990s.
Knighted in 1989, Sir Eduardo Paolozzi died in 2005 in London at the age of 81. An obituary in the British newspaper The Guardian noted that the artist created some of "the finest examples of pop art the style he was instrumental in shaping." Visitors to Berlin's Berlinishe Galerie will be able to judge for themselves.
Eduardo Paolozzi. Lots of Pictures — Lots of Funruns from February 9 through May 28, 2018, at the Berlinische Galerie.