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Putin's Secret Shadow Tankers

July 24, 2025

Despite sanctions, Russia earns money from oil exports. This is how the country is financing the war against Ukraine. Oil is transported across the world's oceans with the help of what are known as shadow tankers.

Putin's Secret Shadow Tankers - How Russia Circumvents Sanctions
Image: ZDF

Despite tough sanctions against the export of crude oil and petroleum products, Russia manages to pour billions into its war chest.

Image: ZDF

How is this possible? How do Russian tankers manage to operate undisturbed on the world's oceans, despite global trade restrictions? And what role do dubious letterbox companies, manipulated ship transponders and opaque trade routes play in this?

Ship-to-ship (STS) transfer is the process of transferring cargo, like crude oil or liquefied gas, between two seagoing vessels positioned alongside each other, either while underway or at anchor.Image: ZDF

Using exclusive footage and interviews as well as leaked documents, the film reveals how Russia is circumventing sanctions with the help of a large shadow fleet. And the situation is only getting worse: Russian tankers are also allegedly involved in the destruction of undersea cables.

Image: ZDF

But Russia isn’t alone in profiting from this trade. International companies and service providers also make money from the shadow operations -- often at the expense of both people and nature.

Image: ZDF

In the report, relatives of missing sailors, experts on ship manipulation and politicians who are calling for stricter controls and even tougher sanctions have their say. Will the West succeed in stopping the shadow fleet and cutting off the flow of money that is fueling Putin's war?
 

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