Spain's opposition right-wing Popular Party (PP) won Sunday's snap general election, with 100% of the votes counted, but was set to fall short of a parliamentary majority.

The PP and Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez' Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) had 33.1% and 31.7% shares of the vote respectively, the results showed.

This would give the PP, under leader Alberto Nunez Feijoo, 136 seats in the 350-seat lower chamber, the Congress of Deputies, and the Socialists 122 seats.

Parties now look to form coalition government

The result is likely to produce weeks of political jockeying, as the PP now requires support from several junior parties to achieve a governing majority of 176 seats.

Even with the support of the far-right Vox party, which offered to partner with the PP, the pair have only 169 seats secured, hence they are seven seats short.

But if that partnership is later confirmed, along with a third party, it would be the first time a far-right party had entered government in Spain since Francisco Franco's dictatorship ended in the 1970s. Because of this, many smaller parties are expected to refuse joining such a coalition.

Meanwhile, the radical left-wing Sumar, which brought together 15 small leftist parties and backed the Socialists, won 31 seats, giving any alliance with Sanchez just 153 seats.

The remaining parties are mostly region-specific. The two Catalan pro-independence parties, who voted to support a Sanchez-led government previously, saw their number of seats fall, but may still play the role of kingmaker if Sanchez tries to stay on as prime minister.

Possible demands from the separatist Catalan party Junts (Together) for a referendum on Catalonia's independence could be an obstacle to Sanchez bringing it on board in a coalition.

A failure by both sides to come up with a governing coalition could result in yet another election being called.

Sanchez and Feijoo both claim victory

The PP leader told supporters in Madrid on Sunday evening that his party would now try to form a government.

"As the candidate of the party that won the most seats, I believe it is my duty to try to form a government," Feijoo said. 

He asked that "no one fall into the temptation of blocking the formation of a new government," adding that Spain did not need a period of uncertainty.

Sanchez was also celebrating the result from the balcony of his party headquarters late Sunday, as the Socialists had won more seats and a higher percentage of the votes than in the 2019 election.

He told supporters that the projected win of the conservative and far-right bloc had failed.

"The backward-looking bloc, which proposed a total repeal of all the progress we have made over the last four years, has failed," he told supporters.

"The regressive block made up of the Popular Party and Vox were beaten."

"There are many more who want Spain to keep advancing than those who want to step backward," Sanchez added.

Why did Spain hold a snap election?

Sanchez called the election early after the left took a drubbing in local elections in May. The vote was originally scheduled for December.

The election took place just three weeks after Spain took over the rotating presidency of the European Union and the PP's win is a fresh blow to the European left after similar moves in other EU countries — Sweden, Finland and Italy.

The election also took place at the height of summer,  when a significant number of voters may be away from their usual polling locations due to vacations and on the tail of a month of heat waves.

Turnout was calculated at 70.4%.

A record number — 2.47 million of the 37.5 million registered voters — cast an absentee ballot even before the polls opened.

Minor party poised to play kingmaker

Pre-election polls had predicted a larger majority for the PP but that it would have to depend on Vox's support to form a government.

Nunez Feijoo now needs to negotiate with much smaller parties to try to reach the 176 target. 

In an interview published on Friday by El Mundo, Feijoo stated that a candidate should not disclose their alliances just two days before an election. He added a government with Vox "is not ideal."

However, PP and Vox have already teamed up to govern in dozens of regions and cities since local elections in May.

Support for the anti-Islam, anti-feminist party is on the wane. In the last election in November 2019, Vox won 52 seats. But Sunday's election saw the far-right party's share of seats fall to 33.

mm, lo/jcg,fb (AP, AFP, EFE, Reuters)