The extent of the damage was not immediately clear, but the quake shook centuries-old squares in the Italian capital. It comes two months after a major quake destroyed several historic towns in the center of the country.
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The 5.4 magnitude earthquake struck just after 7 p.m. local time (1700 UTC) on Wednesday, bringing down power lines and sending anxious residents into the streets. It was followed by a second, stronger quake about two hours later.
Italy's National Institute for Geophysics and Vulcanology (INGV) said the epicenter of the first tremor was in Macerata, near Peruglia in the quake-prone Apennine Mountain chain. Two people were injured in the nearby Visso area, and there were several reports of damaged buildings.
"For sure there will have been some collapses," Mauro Falcucci, the mayor of Castelsantangelo sul Nera, a village of about 300 residents near the epicenter, told the SkyTG24 channel. "We're without power, waiting for emergency crews...We can't see anything. It's tough. Really tough."
Earthquakes: The most endangered regions
After the devastating earthquake in Nepal, the death toll is still on the rise. What other regions in the world also face the threat of strong quakes, and what consequences could they have?
Image: Reuters/N. Chitrakar
Where the earth shakes
Seven tectonic plates make up our earth's surface. Where they meet, chances for an earthquake are the highest. In Nepal, the tectonic collision of the Indian plate with the Eurasian plate caused a dramatic quake on April 25, 2015. It's one of the seven places on earth most prone to earthquakes.
Bhaktapur, Nepal (before)
In the valley of Kathmandu, seven cultural World Heritage sites draw Nepalese and international visitors alike. Here, people are celebrating the Gaijatra Festival at the historic square in Bhaktapur in August 2014.
Image: picture alliance/landov
Bhaktapur, Nepal (after)
Volunteer workers try to rescue people from beneath the ruins of collapsed temples - they have nothing but their bare hands to dig with. The 2015 Nepalese earthquake killed nearly 9,000 people.
Image: Reuters/D. Siddiqui
Japanese coast (now)
Japan is known as an earthquake specialist, building its skyscrapers on moving foundations that can absorb the earth's shocks during a quake. It's also known for its nuclear power plants. In 2010, the Takahama power plant (pictured above, on the other side of the island from Fukushima) was one of 55, producing a third of the country's energy needs.
Image: AFP/Getty Images/JIJI Press
Japanese coast (then)
Japan is more than 5,000 kilometers (3,107 miles) from Nepal. But in March 2011, it suffered a similarly disastrous earthquake, causing one of the worst tsunamis Japan has ever seen. More than 18,000 people were declared dead, and meltdowns of nuclear reactors in Fukushima leaked radioactive material into the surrounding area - more than was released in the Chernobyl catastrophe.
Image: picture-alliance/dpa
Andaman Sea, Indian Ocean (now)
The Andaman Islands, which are part of India, are close to the intersection of the Indian and Eurasian continental plates. Due to the high tectonic tensions, earthquakes are common here.
Image: picture-alliance/dpa
Andaman Sea, Indian Ocean (then)
The worst of these earthquakes in recent history hit on December 26, 2004. It was the third-strongest quake ever measured. Tsunamis following the quake killed 230,000 people along the coast.
Image: AFP/Getty Images/Choo Youn Kong
Yunnan, China (before)
The Chinese province of Yunnan is known for its breathtaking landscape, its rice terraces - and its earthquake risk. As Yunnan is located on the border between the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates, tectonic plate tensions can cause severe earthquakes.
Image: picture alliance/ZUMA Press
Yunnan, China (after)
In August 2014, more than 400 people were killed and about 100,000 left homeless by a 6.5-magnitude quake. Strong earthquakes are common in China. In 2008, 70,000 people died after a quake hit in the province of Sichuan.
Image: Reuters
L'Aquila, Italy (before)
Although Europe is not really known for earthquakes, they are more common than one might think. In Italy, the African plate comes up against the European continent, and the whole country is situated up against the plate boundary.
Image: picture-alliance/dpa/G. Barone
L'Aquila, Italy (after)
In 2009, a quake killed 300 people and left more than 10,000 homeless in the Italian town of L'Aquila. When seven scientists were convicted of manslaughter for failing to advise of earthquake threats, this raised international critique: Despite the most modern scientific methods, earthquakes cannot be predicted.
Image: picture alliance/INFOPHOTO
San Francisco, United States (now)
The Golden Gate Bridge is San Francisco's most prominent landmark. But it is under threat: Scientists say that soon, the worst earthquake in more than 100 years could hit the city, threatening its inhabitants. Culprit here is the San Andreas fault, where the North American plate meets the Pacific plate, just off the Californian coast.
Image: DW
San Francisco, United States (then)
In 1906, San Francisco was destroyed by an earthquake and resulting urban fires. To date, the San Francisco quake is said to be one of the deadliest natural disasters in US history - 3,000 to 6,000 people were killed.
Image: picture-alliance/akg-images
Valdivia, Chile (now)
Today, nothing in idyllic south-Chilean Valdivia reminds visitors of the earthquake danger. That doesn't make it less real: Just off the Chilean coast, the South American plate hits the Nazca plate. When tensions rise, the earth shakes. As a consequence, tsunamis form.
Image: Elio Caro/Virtual Publicidad
Valdivia, Chile (then)
At a magnitude of 9.5, it was the strongest earthquake ever measured: In 1960, the quake destroyed large parts of southern Chile's infrastructure. At least 1,700 people died, while millions were made homeless. The next "big bang" is likely to take place in Chile's northern region. The earth there, scientists say, has been suspiciously quiet for years.
Image: AP
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'Apocalyptic'
The first quake struck at a fairly shallow depth of around 10 kilometers (six miles), and was felt as far south as Rome, where it rattled the historic city center. Given the size, depth and location of the quake, the US Geological Survey estimates that about 12 million people would have felt the shaking. The INGV said the second earthquake was of 5.9 magnitude and had a similar depth.
"It was a very strong earthquake, apocalyptic," Ussita Mayor Marco Rinaldi told the ANSA news agency. "People are screaming on the street and now we are without lights."
Italian Prime Minister Matteo Renzi said he was in contact with the civil protection agency. Schools were ordered closed on Thursday, while some roads were blocked off.
The tremors come after a much more powerful quake in August flattened a number of villages in central Italy, killing nearly 300 people. The disaster caused an estimated 4 billion euros ($4.5 billion) in damage, with hundreds of people still living in temporary shelters.
Wednesday's quakes caused further damage to buildings in Amatrice, the town that was worst hit by the deadly seismic event in August. Mayor Sergio Pirozzi told ANSA news agency that the latest incident "certainly reawakens our fears."