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Strongest solar storm in 20 years puts on a light show

May 11, 2024

A powerful solar storm has been producing colorful light shows at unusual latitudes. The geomagnetic tempest could also interfere with power and communications.

A car drives on the road and illuminates poplars under the Northern lights (aurora borealis) glow in the night sky above the village of Daillens, Switzerland
The northern lights could be seen in Europe as far south as SwitzerlandImage: Laurent Gillieron/EPA

The strongest solar storm in more than two decades struck Earth on Friday, triggering spectacular auroras worldwide.

According to the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Space Weather Prediction Center, the first of several coronal mass ejections (CME) occurred shortly after 1600 GMT.

It was later upgraded to an "extreme" geomagnetic storm. It was the first such storm since the Halloween storms of October 2003, which caused blackouts in Sweden and damaged power infrastructure in South Africa.

The green and blue lights — which are expected to continue for a few days — were seen from Britain to Tasmania, with officials in the US saying sightings might be possible as far south as Alabama and Northern California.

Rare sightings of northern lights: Space weather scientist Luke Barnard speaks with DW

02:51

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Meanwhile, people from all over Germany posted photos of the aurora on social media. Scientists say the best views of the aurora may come from cell phone cameras, which are better at capturing light than the naked eye.

What are the CMEs?

Each eruption, known as a CME, can contain billions of tons of plasma and magnetic field from the sun's outer atmosphere, or corona. More CMEs are expected to hit the planet in the coming days.

Unlike solar flares, which travel at the speed of light and take about eight minutes to reach Earth, CMEs travel at a more leisurely pace. Officials say the current average is 800 kilometers (500 miles) per second.

People enjoy the rare celestial spectacle in BritainImage: Adam Vaughan/EPA

The CMEs come from a massive sunspot cluster that is 16 times larger than our planet. The sun is nearing the peak of an 11-year cycle that brings with it heightened levels of activity.

Authorities warned satellite operators, airlines and the power grid to take precautions in preparation for possible disruptions due to changes in the Earth's magnetic field.

The solar storm was caused by sunspot area AR3664, which has been growing over the past few days and is now 16 times larger than EarthImage: Ian L. Sitren/ZUMA/IMAGO

How dangerous are geomagnetic storms?

Fluctuating magnetic fields associated with geomagnetic storms induce currents in long wires, including power lines. These currents can potentially cause power outages. Long pipelines can also become electrified, causing technical problems.

Spacecraft are also at risk from high doses of radiation. NASA said the storm posed no serious threat to the seven astronauts aboard the International Space Station. Its crew could move to a better-shielded part of the station if necessary

The atmosphere prevents this radiation from reaching the Earth.

dh/ab (AFP, AP)

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