Months after mass protests erupted, the main opposition coalition and the ruling military council have signed off on plans for a transitional government. If it works, Sudan could return to civilian rule in three years.
Image: Getty Images/AFP/E. Hamid
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Crowds filled the streets of Sudan's capital Khartoum on Saturday after the ruling military council and the main opposition coalition inked a final agreement for a transitional government.
The historic deal was signed by Mohamed Hamdan Daglo, deputy chief of the military council, and opposition leader Ahmed al-Rabie, during a ceremony at a hall by the River Nile in Khartoum.
Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, South Sudanese President Salva Kiir, and the heads of other neighboring countries, were also present for the signing, which one resident hailed as a chance for a "new Sudan."
Joint council to enforce power-sharing
Under the plan, a joint military and civilian sovereign council will rule for a little over three years until elections can be held. A military leader will head the 11-member council for the first 21 months, followed by a civilian leader for the next 18.
The composition of the council wasn't set to be announced until Sunday. But later on Saturday, a spokesperson for the military council told Sky News Arabia the new panel would include the current de-facto head of state Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, his deputy Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo and Lieutenant General Yasser Al-Atta.
The final deal brings an end to nearly eight months of upheaval that saw masses mobilize, first against Bashir's 30-year authoritarian rule, and then against the military.
More than 250 people were killed during the unrest, including scores in June when armed men in military fatigues moved in on the protest camp outside the army headquarters and dispersed thousands of people still gathered there.
Months of wrangling
The military and the main opposition alliance, known as the Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC), have been negotiating the power-sharing agreement for months.
On Thursday, former senior United Nations official Abdalla Hamdok, a veteran economist, was designated as transitional prime minister.
His first job will be to try to stabilize Sudan's languishing economy, left in tatters in 2011 when the oil-rich South Sudan gained its independence.
Sudan's stability is seen as crucial for a volatile region struggling with conflict and insurgencies from the Horn of Africa to Egypt and Libya.
But skeptics question whether the ruling council will be able to keep a tight grip on the military's power during the three-year period leading to planned elections.
mm/jlw (AFP, AP, Reuters)
Sudan: From protests to power struggle
Following the violent crackdown on the protest camp in Khartoum, the tension between the civilians and military became even more strained. Yet the stalemate appears over — for now. Here's a chronology of events.
Image: Getty Images/AFP/A. Shazly
Breaking fast during the protests
For weeks — even during Ramadan — thousands of protesters camped outside Sudan's defense ministry, demanding a transitional council in which civilians could decide the future of the country. In early June the military moved in and forcefully removed the protesters. Dozens of people died and those who survived reported rapes, sexual abuse, and the use of force.
Image: Getty Images/AFP/A. Shazly
For the love of the country
A protester holds up the national flag outside the army headquarters. His demand: that Sudan's Transitional Military Council hand over power to the civilians. This, the protesters believe, will be an important step towards democracy.
Image: Reuters
Warning signs
In early June, just days ahead of the crackdown on the sit-in, the military increased its presence on the streets. Many protesters predicted that the army would not want to hand over power. This was what they hoped for after the ousting of longtime president, Omar al-Bashir.
Image: Getty Images/AFP
The end of an era
From 1989 until his April 2019, Omar al-Bashir ruled Sudan. He suppressed critics. In 1999 he even dismantled parliament in order to maintain his grip on power. His name will, however, be remembered for his handling of the Darfur crisis. His troops' harsh response led to thousands of deaths, and for that, he is wanted for crimes against humanity at the International Criminal Court.
Image: Reuters/M. Nureldin Abdallah
A dictator in court
Many Sudanese had been waiting for this day for a long time — the day when Omar al-Bashir would have to face a court. On June 16, he appeared before prosecutors, accused of corruption and the illegal possession of foreign currency. After being ousted, security forces found over one million US dollars stashed away in his villa.
Image: picture-alliance/AP Photo/M. Hjaj
The voice of the women
Many women actively participated in the protests, and they gave the protests a different face. Their presence underlined the protesters' demand for democracy and equal rights. During the brutal crackdown by security forces, many women reported sexual abuse and rape as a means to silence them.
Image: Getty Images/AFP/A. Shazly
The Nubian queen - an icon of the revolution
Architecture student Alaa Salah became the face of the revolution. A photographer shot this picture as she stood on top of a car and addressed protesters. Photos and videos of her protest chants trended on social media. Online she is known as "Kandaka" or the Nubian queen.
Image: Getty Images/AFP
International solidarity
Thanks to social media, the protests rapidly caught international attention and support from human rights groups and Sudanese living abroad. In a statement, the EU's foreign ministers urged for an immediate end to all forms of violence against Sudanese civilians.
But not all Sudanese civilians are against the army. Some people, in fact, want a tough military rule to give the country security and strength. The army supporters have placed their faith in General Abdel Fattah Burhan, the head of the Transitional Military Council.
Image: Getty Images/AFP/A. Shazly
The strongman in the background
The real power, however, lies not with General Abdel Fattah Burhan, but his deputy, General Mohammed Hamdan Daglu, also known as "Hemeti." He heads the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) who cracked down brutally on the protesters. During the war in Darfur, he commanded the feared Janjaweed militias. The protesters fear that he could, in the end, take over power.
Image: Reuters/M.N. Abdallah
No end in sight to the protests
The protests continued unabated throughout June. Military leaders on Monday, June 23, turned down a proposal for a power-sharing deal. The protest leaders, represented by the coalition Forces for Declaration of Freedom and Change, which includes the Sudanese Professionals Association, had accepted the deal which was negotiated with the help of Ethiopia.
Image: Getty Images/AFP/Y. Chiba
Power-sharing deal negotiated
On July 5, members of the military and the protest movement announced they had reached a deal to share power. For the next three years, a transitional council consisting of six civilians and five military figures will lead the country. Democratic elections will then be held. People in Khartoum celebrated the news, though the practicalities of implementation could cause conflict to reignite.
Image: Getty Images/AFP/A. Shazly
Help from the Gulf
Politicians of other Arab nations continue to watch the developments in Sudan with a certain degree of concern. Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, the Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi, it is believed, fears that successful grassroots protests could set an example for citizens in the Arab Peninsula. Both the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia appear to be supporting the military regime.
Image: picture-alliance/AP Photo/Ministry of Presidential Affairs/M. Al Hammadi
The neighbor in the North
Cairo seems similarly concerned about the events in Khartoum. Egyptian president Abdel-Fattah al-Sisi (pictured l. with Omar al-Bashir in 2018) fears that the Muslim Brotherhood, which Eygpt has been trying to silence, could fall on fertile ground in Sudan. If the Muslim Brotherhood gains support in Sudan, al-Sisi believes that its success might strengthen the group again in Egypt.
