Support grows for EU-wide arms embargo on Saudi Arabia
Rebecca Staudenmaier
October 26, 2018
Austria and the European Parliament have called for a bloc-wide halt on arms exports to Saudi Arabia following Jamal Khashoggi's death. Germany also backed the move, but other key exporters were silent or unconvinced.
Image: picture-alliance/dpa/S. Sauer
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As outrage over the killing of Jamal Khashoggi continues to grow, more countries within the European Union are reconsidering their weapons exports to Saudi Arabia, with Austria calling for an EU-wide ban on Friday.
Austrian Foreign Minister Karin Kneissl, whose country currently holds the EU's rotating presidency, said that Khashoggi's killing was the last straw in a line of abuses, including the Qatar crisis and the "terrible war in Yemen."
"If we as the entire EU stop weapons exports to Saudi Arabia, that will help end these conflicts," Kneissl told German newspaper Die Welt. She noted that Austria stopped delivering arms to Saudi Arabia in 2015.
French President Emmanuel Macron bucked the trend when he said on Friday that stopping arms sales because of the murder would be "pure demagoguery."
"What's the link between arms sales and Mr Khashoggi's murder?" Macron asked, during a news conference in Slovakia. "I understand the connection with what's happening in Yemen, but there is no link with Mr Khashoggi."
Khashoggi, a columnist for the Washington Post and a critic of the Saudi regime and Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, is believed to have been killed inside Saudi Arabia's consulate in Istanbul where he was last seen on October 2.
EU lawmakers place blame with crown prince
On Thursday, the European Parliament overwhelmingly passed a resolution calling on the bloc's 28 member states to halt weapons exports. EU lawmakers also called for an independent investigation into Khashoggi's killing, placing the blame with Crown Prince Mohammed, heir apparent to the Saudi kingdom.
"The murder is unlikely to have happened without the knowledge or control of Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman," lawmakers said in the resolution.
Alexander Stubb, former Finnish prime minister and a possible successor to European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker, told DW that the EU must take action if the murder was organized by the kingdom.
"It's very important to be principled when it comes to foreign policy. You have to look at the whole situation in the Middle East, draw conclusions from that and then see what kind of relationship you have with Saudi Arabia," Stubb told DW, adding that the situation was "not that black and white."
Jamal Khashoggi: A mysterious disappearance and death
Official Saudi statements on the fate of journalist Jamal Khashoggi have changed several times since he disappeared at the Istanbul consulate on October 2. DW traces the most important events in this intricate case.
Image: picture-alliance/dpa/J. Martin
Vanishes into thin air
October 2: Prominent journalist Jamal Khashoggi was last seen entering the Saudi consulate in Istanbul, where he had gone to obtain an official document for his upcoming marriage to his Turkish fiancee, Hatice Cengiz. He never emerged from the building, prompting Cengiz, who waited outside, to raise the alarm.
Image: Reuters TV
Confusion over whereabouts
October 3: Turkish and Saudi officials came up with conflicting reports on Khashoggi's whereabouts. Riyadh said the journalist had left the mission shortly after his work was done. But Turkish presidential spokesman Ibrahim Kalin said the journalist was still in the consulate.
Image: picture-alliance/AP Photo/V. Mayo
Murder claims
October 6: Turkish officials said they believed the journalist was likely killed inside the Saudi consulate. The Washington Post, for which Khashoggi wrote, cited unnamed sources to report that Turkish investigators believe a 15-member team "came from Saudi Arabia" to kill the man.
Image: picture-alliance/AP Photo/H. Jamali
Ankara seeks proof
October 8: Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan called on Saudi Arabia to prove that Khashoggi left its consulate in Istanbul. Turkey also sought permission to search the mission premises. US President Donald Trump voiced concern about the journalist's disappearance.
Image: picture-alliance/AP Photo/T. Kovacs
'Davos in the Desert' hit
October 12: British billionaire Richard Branson halted talks over a $1 billion Saudi investment in his Virgin group's space ventures, citing Khashoggi's case. He also pulled out of an investment conference in Riyadh dubbed the "Davos in the Desert." His move was followed by Uber's Dara Khosrowshahi, JP Morgan's Jamie Dimon and a host of other business leaders.
Image: picture alliance/dpa
Search operation
October 15: Turkish investigators searched the Saudi consulate in Istanbul. The search lasted more than eight hours and investigators removed samples from the building, including soil from the consulate garden and a metal door, one official said.
Image: Reuters/M. Sezer
Death after fistfight
October 19: Saudi Arabia finally admitted that Khashoggi died at the consulate. The kingdom's public prosecutor said preliminary investigations showed the journalist was killed in a "fistfight." He added that 18 people had been detained. A Saudi Foreign Ministry official said the country is "investigating the regrettable and painful incident."
Image: Getty Images/C. McGrath
'Grave mistake'
October 21: Saudi Arabia provided yet another account of what happened to Khashoggi. The kingdom's foreign minister admitted the journalist was killed in a "rogue operation," calling it a "huge and grave mistake," but insisted that Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman had not been aware of the murder. Riyadh said it had no idea where Khashoggi's body was.
Image: picture-alliance/AP Photo/C. Owen
Germany halts arms sales
October 21: German Chancellor Angela Merkel said Germany would put arms exports to Saudi Arabia on hold for the time being, given the unexplained circumstances of Khashoggi's death. Germany is the fourth largest exporter of weapons to Saudi Arabia after the United States, Britain and France.
Image: picture-alliance/dpa/S. Sauer
Strangled to death, dissolved in acid
October 31: The Turkish prosecutor concluded that Khashoggi was strangled to death soon after entering the consulate, and was then dismembered. Another Turkish official later claimed the body was dissolved in acid. Turkish President Erdogan said the order to murder the journalist came from "the highest levels" of Saudi Arabia's government.
Image: picture-alliance/AA/M. E. Yildirim
Grilled at the UN
November 5: Saudi Arabia told the United Nations it would prosecute those responsible for Khashoggi's murder. This came as the United States and dozens of other countries raised the journalist's death before the UN Human Rights Council and called for a transparent investigation.
Image: Getty Images/AFP/F. Coffrini
Fiancee in mourning
November 8: Khashoggi's fiancee, Hatice Cengiz, wrote on Twitter that she was "unable to express her sorrow" upon learning that the journalist's body was dissolved with chemicals. "Are these killers and those behind it human beings?" she tweeted.
Image: Reuters/Haberturk
Turkey shares audio recordings
November 10: Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan reveals that officials from Saudi Arabia, the US, Germany, France and Britain have listened to audio recordings related to the killing of journalist Jamal Khashoggi at the Saudi consulate in Istanbul.
Image: picture-alliance/AP Photo/Presidential Press Service
Symbolic funeral prayers
November 16: A symbolic funeral prayer for Khashoggi is held in the courtyard of the Fatih Mosque in Istanbul. Yasin Aktay, advisor to President Erdogan, speaks at the service.
Image: Reuters/M. Sezer
Saudi-owned villas searched
November 26: Turkish forensic police bring the investigation to the Turkish province of Yalova, where sniffer dogs and drones search two Saudi-owned villas in the village Samanli.
Image: Reuters/O . Orsal
100 days since killing
January 10: Amnesty International Turkey members demonstrate outside the Saudi Arabia Consulate in Istanbul, marking 100 day since the killing of Jamal Khashoggi. One woman holds up a street sign which reads "Jamal Khashoggi Street". The organization has called for an international investigation into the case.
Image: Reuters/M. Sezer
Saudi murder trial begins
January 3: The Khashoggi trial begins in Saudi Arabia, where state prosecutors say they will seek the death sentence for five of the eleven suspects. A request for the gathered evidence has been send to Turkish authorities. A date for the second hearing has not yet been set.
Image: picture-alliance/abaca/Depo Photos
UN inquiry team in Turkey
January 28: Agnes Callamard, who is leading the UN probe into the handling of the Khashoggi case, arrives in Ankara where she meets with Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu. The human rights expect will stay in the country for the rest of the week to speak with prosecutors and others involved in the case.
German Economy Minister Peter Altmaier said on Friday that a unified position on arms exports would send a stronger message to the kingdom.
"Therefore it is good if we in the European Union talk about a common position and I support the proposal from Austria," Altmaier told Deutschlandfunk radio.
The German government has frequently been criticized for its weapons exports to Saudi Arabia, with Berlin greenlighting arms exports worth €254 million ($291 million) this year alone.
Key exporters remain silent
Although support is growing from within the EU for a unified position against Saudi Arabia — other major weapons exporters are hesitant about an outright ban.
France, the United Kingdom and Spain are all key arms exporters to Saudi Arabia.
Although French President Emmanuel Macron threatened to take action against those responsible for the murders, he has largely ignored protests at home over France's arms deals. Last year, Paris' arms deals with Riyadh totaled around €1.5 billion ($1.7 billion).
The British government is likewise under fire for its arms exports to the kingdom, which are worth around $1.4 billion (€1.23 billion) annually. As the UK is due to leave the EU next year, it is considered unlikely that London will jeopardize its business with the kingdom.
