The aviation industry is under growing pressure to reduce emissions while maintaining global connectivity.

As airlines, manufacturers and policymakers pursue climate goals, a range of technologies is competing to shape the future of sustainable aviation and reduce reliance on fossil fuels.

Across Europe, companies and research institutions are investing heavily in next-generation aircraft, more efficient engines and alternative fuels.

While some solutions could be introduced using existing infrastructure, others require major technological breakthroughs and significant investment. At the same time, the industry faces the challenge of making greener air travel commercially viable.