Around 1,000 protesters staged a rally in Bangkok after the parliament spared Prime Minister Prayuth Chan-ocha and nine ministers.
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Thai Prime Minister Prayuth Chan-ocha survived a no-confidence vote in parliament on Saturday as protesters called for demonstrations against his government.
Prayuth faced accusations of mismanaging the coronavirus pandemic and human rights violations in his second no-confidence vote since he took office in 2019.
After four days of debates, Prayuth and nine ministers survived with 272 votes, while 206 lawmakers voted against him and three abstained.
Thailand's parliament is comprised of 487 legislators, with 277 ruling coalition and 210 opposition members.
Over 1,000 protesters eventually gathered at the gates of the parliament, with protest leaders calling for a peaceful demonstration.
"We want a peaceful protest," protest leader and pro-democracy activist Panusaya "Rung" Sithijirawattanakul told the media after meeting with police, adding "there is no reason for police to break up this demonstration."
Journalist May Wong said on Twitter that police expected to deploy some 4,000 police officers during the protests.
Dozens of protesters gathered outside the parliament on Friday evening to hold a mock censure motion against the prime minister and his cabinet.
Thailand protests: Humor and creativity amid repression
From rubber ducks to Harry Potter, Thailand's 2023 pro-democracy protesters became more creative as they demand the resignation of Prime Minister Prayuth Chan-ocha, a new constitution, and reforms to the monarchy.
Image: Athit Perawongmetha/REUTERS
Rubber duck: A new symbol of democracy
Rubber ducks have emerged as the new symbol of the pro-democracy movement. The large inflatable toys were initially used to mock authorities who sealed off the parliament building, which is situated on a river bank in the capital, Bangkok. When water cannons pummeled the peaceful crowds, protesters used the ducks as improvised shields.
Image: Sirachai Arunrugstichai/Getty Images
Three-finger 'Hunger Games' salute
The three-finger salute from the dystopian film series "The Hunger Games" has become a common sight at protests. The gesture of resistance first emerged in 2014 as a form of silent defiance against the military regime led by Prayuth Chan-ocha, who seized power in a coup. Pop culture references have helped demonstrators attract attention from both domestic and international communities.
Image: Sirachai Arunrugstichai/Getty Images
'Dinosaur-like' mentality
During a rally, a group of activists known as the Bad Students, dubbed the government "dinosaurs" for their outdated mindset. The activists said they see themselves as "meteorites" that push government officials into extinction if they refuse to change. The Bad Students are also demanding an overhaul of Thailand's lackluster education system.
Image: Sirachai Arunrugstichai/Getty Images
Harry Potter-themed protest
Until recently, the monarchy was considered a taboo topic. Thailand's lese majeste laws makes "disrespect" against the monarchy a crime. Protesters staged a Harry Potter-themed rally in August to break the taboo. In J.K. Rowling's magical world, the powerful Lord Voldemort is referred to as "You Know Who" or "He Who Must Not Be Named." The protest was a clear jab at King Maha Vajiralongkorn.
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Sending letters to the king
Monarchical reform is by far the most contentious of the movement's demands. In November, demonstrators marched to the royal palace to deliver handwritten letters to the king. When asked what he thought about the protesters, King Maha Vajiralongkorn simply said: "We love them all the same" and described Thailand as a land of compromise.
Many demonstrators are frustrated at the disproportionate use of force and are marching peacefully to demand justice and an end to violence. So far, six people have suffered gunshot wounds and more than 50 people have been seriously injured. After a violent clash between anti-government protesters, protesters marched to the police headquarters the following day to tag the building with paint.
Image: Sirachai Arunrugstichai/Getty Images
Gender equality and LGBTQ rights
The pro-democracy movement has drawn protesters from a wide-range of interest groups. The movement has also come to embody Thailand's diversity, with thousands of people joining in protests to push for gender equality and LGBTQ rights.
Image: Athit Perawongmetha/Reuters
Outwitting authorities
Protesters change rally venues at short notice as a popular tactic to confuse police. Authorities on Wednesday stacked shipping containers and set up razor wires in central Bangkok to cordon off the Crown Property Bureau from protesters. But protesters announced a last-minute shift to the Siam Commercial Bank’s headquarters. The king is the largest shareholder of the bank.
"The biggest fault of Prayuth is that he does not understand the principles of the constitutional monarchy," said Pita Limjaroenrat, leader of the opposition Move Forward Party.
"He used the monarchy to protect himself whenever he was criticized or opposed. This is an evil action, making him no longer qualified to be prime minister," he said.
Criticizing vaccine rollout in Thailand relates to the monarchy. Most of the shots that Thailand ordered were produced by a private company owned by the king, Siam Bioscience.