The Gutenberg Bible re-published 550 years after his death
May 23, 2018
Johannes Gutenberg, the inventor of modern printing press, died 550 years ago. To celebrate the anniversary, a facsimile edition of the legendary Gutenberg Old Testament Bible of 1454 has been published.
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The publication by Mainz scholar Stephan Füssel contains all 1,268 faithfully reproduced pages of the Gutenberg Bible and an additional 144 pages of commentary.
Michael Ebling, the Lord Mayor of Mainz, the city where the Johannes Gutenberg was born in 1400, called the facsimile edition a "salute from the city of Mainz to the world" in what has been dubbed Gutenberg Year.
The Gutenberg Bible is the oldest book in the Europe printed with moveable type made of mass-produced metal pieces, a technology that soon became common practice worldwide. Of the 180 copies in the initial print run, 150 were printed on paper and 30 on parchment or vellum.
While 49 copies of the first printing in 1454 still remain, only four of these are vellum copies that have survived in their complete form.
One of these, held at the Göttingen State and University Library, is the source of the facsimile edition just created by Stephan Füssel.
In 2000, this so-called Göttingen copy was nominated for UNESCO Documentary Heritage as part of the "Memory of the World" program — a high resolution digitization of the Göttingen copy was also made available on the internet that year.
Gutenberg Bibles don't come cheap, with a copy selling back in 1987 at Christie's for $5.4 million (about 4.6 million euro) to a Japanese buyer — then an auction record for a printed book.
kk/sb/eg (dpa/kna)
The world's most breathtaking libraries
On Libraries Day, we showcase some of the world's most impressive spaces for reading and losing ourselves in literature of all sorts.
Image: Weber/Eibner-Pressefoto/picture alliance
Designing for community
The Central Library Oodi in Helsinki is a designer lover's dream. The architecture of the three-story building highlights Finland's natural world, with a wood-clad exterior and a wavy shape that resembles snow drifts. With a movie theater and sauna inside, the library built to mark the country's centenary is about more than just books.
Image: Tuomas Uusheimo
Rising from the ashes
The Duchess Anna Amalia Library in Weimar got its present name in 1991. It had previously been called simply the "Herzogliche Bibliothek" ("The Ducal Library") for 300 years. The building with its famous rococo hall (above) was partially destroyed in a fire, but it reopened on October 24, 2007.
Image: Jan Woitas/ZB/picture alliance
The 'book cube'
The new municipal library in the southwest German city of Stuttgart, is designed in the shape of a cube and is therefore also referred to as a "book cube." The building was designed by Korean architect Eun Young Yi and opened in 2011. There is space for half a million books and other media.
Image: Weber/Eibner-Pressefoto/picture alliance
A football field or a library?
Don't worry if you don't have a student card, the library of the University of Technology in Delft, the Netherlands is worth visiting even without it. The sloping, grass-grown top of the building is particularly striking, and the 42-meter-high cone that pierces the building in the middle hides four floors full of books.
Image: Nicholas Kane/Arcaid/picture alliance
Tulipwood and ebony
British newspaper "The Daily Telegraph" included the Biblioteca Joanina in Coimbra, Portugal in the 2013 list of the most spectacular libraries in the world. It bears the name of the Portuguese king John V, who commissioned its construction. All bookshelves are made of tulipwood and ebony, and the place is now part of the Faculty of Law.
Image: picture-alliance/akg-images/H. Champollion
The ancient world meets modernity
The Library of Alexandria was the most famous library in the world before it was destroyed in flames about 2,000 years ago. It is said to have contained the whole knowledge of the then world on about 490,000 papyrus rolls. The new library of Alexandria, which continues the tradition, opened in 2002. Its final cost? More than 220 million dollars (€187 m.).
Image: picture-alliance/Arco Images GmbH
Among mummies
Some of the specimens in possession of the Abbey library of Saint Gall in St. Gallen, Switzerland are over 1,300 years old, and visitors can see the monastery plan, the oldest building plan in Europe, or an Egyptian mummy. The Büchersaal ("The Book Hall," above) has been on the UNESCO World Heritage list since 1983.
Image: picture-alliance/Stuart Dee/robertharding
Rescued by a president
Pay a visit to the Library of Congress whenever you are in Washington, D. C. The library was founded in 1800 but was burnt down by the British just 14 years later. Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States, sold about 6,500 books from his private collection to fund the $24,000 restoration. The main reading room pictured above was built in the Neo-Renaissance style.
Image: picture-alliance/JOKER/H. Khandani
An oak-ey idea
The double-storey "Long Room" in the old Trinity College Library in Dublin is 64 meters long and 12 meters wide. But the space wasn't always as impressive as it is today. Its flat, plaster ceiling was removed in 1858 and substituted by a new roof made of oak.
Image: Imago/imagebroker
A movie star
The New York Public Library has starred in several films, including the musical "42nd Street" from 1933, "Breakfast at Tiffany's" (1961), "Ghostbusters" (1984) and "Spider-Man" (2002). It is also where Carrie and Mr. Big get married in the 2008 "Sex and the City" film. Opened in 1911, the impressive main reading room is currently being expanded.
Image: picture-alliance/dpa/J. Schmitt-Tegge
Everything is big in China
With an archive of more than 30 million books and other media, the National Library of China is one of the seven largest libraries in the world. It was built as the "Capital Library" in 1809 and later renamed the "Beijing Library" in 1928 after the People's Republic of China was established. Its current name was approved by the state in 1998.