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PoliticsIndia

The Rise of Hindu Nationalism

March 6, 2025

Since Narendra Modi came to power, Hindu nationalism has played an increasingly important role in India. In this ideology, minorities are regarded as second-class citizens.

The Rise of Hindu Nationalism
Hindu nationalism has a network of numerous and interwoven organisations, with the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) at its core. With the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), it is India's strongest party and, in Narendra Modi, has also been the country's prime minister since 2014. Under his government, India has become increasingly authoritarian and a threat to democracy. Image: Arte France

Hindu militias are spreading fear and terror, on the subcontinent and beyond.

The RSS is a radical Hindu, possibly fascist, hierarchically structured cadre organisation in India. It is based on the principles of Hindutva and belongs to the Hindu nationalist current in the country.Image: Arte France

What has become of the world's largest democracy? What happened to the legacy of Mahatma Gandhi? The discourse has changed: The father of Indian independence is now criticized, while his murderer, a Hindu extremist, is revered.

Narendra ModiImage: Arte France

Narendra Modi's accession to power in 2014 marked a turning point in Indian history. For the Modi regime, ethnicity is key. The ideology behind this radical change is Hindu nationalism, also known as Hindutva. Hindutva emerged in the 1920s, in the tradition of Italian fascism and National Socialism.

Since 1989, the defining credo of Modi's Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) has been “Hindutva”, a political ideology that propagates the values of the Hindu religion as the cornerstone of Indian society and culture.Image: Arte France

Hindutva is at odds with the long tradition of religious pluralism in India, as the ideology strives for a nation consisting exclusively of Hindus. This means that the 300 million-strong minority of Muslims, Christians, Sikhs and Buddhists are no longer safe.

Image: Arte France

Attacks on Christians have increased by 400 percent since 2014. In some federal states, freedom of speech is restricted and teachers are no longer allowed to talk about paradise or hell in class - under threat of imprisonment.

The BJP's aggressive Hindutva policy treats religious minorities as ‘second-class citizens’. Hate speech and violence against the country's 210 million Muslims have increased significantly in recent years.Image: Arte France

The systemic violence is primarily directed against Muslims. Universities, media and NGOs are no longer a counterweight to the nationalist government, as freedom of speech is often curtailed.

Image: Arte France

However, extremist Hindu groups exist in more than 150 countries. Especially in the US and Britain, brutal attacks provoked by the Hindu diaspora within the Indian community have increased significantly in recent times.

The documentary sheds light on this disturbing development and questions the extent to which India still deserves to be called "the world's largest democracy”.
 

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