The Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for 2025 will be awarded jointly to Mary Brunkow and Fred Ramsdell of the United States and Shimun Sakaguchi of Japan for "for their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance," the Nobel Assembly of Sweden's Karolinska Institute announced on Monday.

"Their discoveries have laid the foundation for a new field of research and spurred the development of new treatments, for example for cancer and autoimmune diseases," the Assembly said in a statement.

The winners will receive a prize sum of 11 million Swedish crowns (€1 million, $1.2 million), as well as a gold medal from the King of Sweden.

What is the prize's history?

The Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine has been awarded 115 times to 229 laureates between 1901 and 2024.

Last year's prize was shared by Americans Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun for their discovery of microRNA, which serves as on and off switches inside cells that help control what the cells do and when they do it.

The physics prize will be announced on Tuesday, with the prizes in chemistry being made public on Wednesday, and the literature one on Thursday.

Friday will see the announcement of the Nobel Peace Prize, while the Nobel Memorial Prize in economics will be announced on October 13.

The awards ceremony will be held on December 10, the anniversary of Alfred Nobel's death. Nobel was a wealthy Swedish industrialist and inventor of dynamite who died in 1896.

Edited by: Dmytro Hubenko