American director David Lynch has been pushing the envelope since he made his debut with "Eraserhead" in 1977. On his 70th birthday, we take a look back at his groundbreaking repertoire.
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David Lynch: a life in surrealism
No other film director has created such mysterious works as David Lynch has done with his world-renowned films like "Blue Velvet" and "Wild at Heart." He also revolutionized television with his hit series, "Twin Peaks."
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David Lynch: the master magician of the screen
The 1980s and 90s belonged to David Lynch, the successful American film director whose widely influential movies peaked during those decades. Despite his unusual style and the strange worlds in his movies, Lynch became a household name in the US and beyond. The inimitable mixture of surrealism and expressionism on the big screen drilled holes deep into the subconscious of the films' viewers.
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'Eraserhead': a shocking debut
Lynch made his cinematic debut in 1977 with his first feature film, "Eraserhead." A horror film with a soft touch, the movie was a low-budget production for which the money came directly out of Lynch's pocket. A surprising success, "Eraserhead" (featuring Jack Nance, pictured here) made the American director world-famous. The movie enjoys a cult following to this day.
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'Elephant Man': sympathy for humanity
Three years later, Lynch took to the big screen to showcase his gift for dealing with abstract subject matters again with "The Elephant Man." The film is regarded as a sympathetic study in humanity that evokes a wide range of feelings in its viewers. The black-and-white movie tells the true story of Joseph Merrick, a man living with a genetic facial deformity in 19th-century London.
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'Dune': a financial disaster
The sci-fi flick "Dune" is regarded as Lynch's singular misstep. Released in 1984, the high-budget film caved in under the combined weight of art and expectations of commercial success. Although many of the film's scenes remain fascinating even today, for the audience at the time of its release, "Dune" proved to be a bit too awkward.
The gripping story of college student Jeffrey Beaumont as told in the movie "Blue Velvet" is perhaps one of Lynch's best-known works. With a minimal budget, the mysterious story featuring previously overlooked actors Kyle MacLachlan and Isabella Rossellini as its protagonists took David Lynch's directing to the next level. It is a stylistic masterpiece that wowed moviegoers then as it does now.
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'Wild at Heart': Golden Palm in Cannes
In 1990, David Lynch was at the height of his career when he released his fifth feature film, "Wild at Heart." The movie is a potent mix of genre elements as it tells the melodramatic story of a couple on the run. Although Lynch bagged a Golden Palm at the Cannes Film Festival for the film not all critics were sold, with some calling certain scenes too brutal and speculative.
The end of the 1980s saw Lynch take his talents to the small screen as well, as he made his television debut with the cult series, "Twin Peaks." Before long, people around the world were wondering "Who killed Laura Palmer?" (played by Sheryl Lee, pictured at center). The series proved a huge success on television and is still seen by many as the forerunner for today's bingeworthy TV shows.
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'Lost Highway': taking the plunge into the unknown
As Lynch began to dabble in transcendental meditation, his films also started to delve deeper into the depths of the human psyche. "Lost Highway" was the first of three movies ("Mulholland Drive" and "Inland Empire" followed) taking viewers on a gloomy, cinematic journey into the subconscious. The 1997 film is a complex undertaking that many film buffs still have difficulty following.
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'The Straight Story': an unexpected surprise
"The Straight Story" surprised both critics and the viewing public alike when it was released in 1999. The most atypical Lynch film to date, the slow story follows a farmer as he makes his way through the United States atop a lawn mower. The movie that was well received for its humane warmth and moments of quiet humor.
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'Twin Peaks: The Return': 25 years later
Fans of "Twin Peaks" waited for a quarter of a century to return to the Pacific Northwest town, when Lynch surprised them by announcing that another season would be released in 2016. With some extraordinary visual sequences dotted around, "Twin Peaks: The Return" is seen as a televised work of art. Like the original series, the 2016 production ends on a nail-biting cliffhanger.
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Lynch, the visual artist
Many people don't realize that Lynch is first and foremost a visual artist. He studied Fine Arts and has produced a great body of mixed material works, photographs and sketches. Whether people "like" his work or not, they can't deny that - like his films - they are impossible to ignore. Many feature images of strangely contorted humans with twisted limbs, as well as red dogs and scary houses.
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David Lynch: jack of all trades
As the well-known face of the Transcendental Meditation (TM) community, Lynch travels around the US for public appearances dealing with meditation. His art has likewise attracted great attention at exhibitions around the world. In his private life, Lynch claims that he lives as a recluse. However, that is a bit hard to imagine for someone who lives in the Hollywood Hills of Los Angeles.
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In the late 1970s, cinema visitors who preferred the independent offerings at arthouse theaters to Hollywood blockbusters like "Star Wars" were treated to something special in one particular midnight showing. A low-budget black and white independent film with the unusual title, "Eraserhead" made its first appearance in those tiny theaters. Its debut marked the beginning of the career of one of the US's most famous directors: David Lynch.
Moviegoers followed along as a rare being, a cross between animal and person and clothed in diapers, whined and screamed nonstop on the screen. Living in a shabby apartment and cared for by an overwhelmed father, the being's presence in the drab horror film became a study in pity and a shocking vision for parents-to-be. A fascinating film experiment.
Images from "Eraserhead" are unforgettable for those who've seen them, even now, nearly 40 years after the film's debut. One could guess, while watching, that this film could only come from an artist set to make it big. When David Lynch entered the world of cinema in the 1970s, it was clear the director would become one of the world's most influential directors of all time.
An exceptionally imaginative director
Although the name David Lynch may not say much to moviegoers today - with his latest films seeing less success - Lynch's talents and range aren't valued enough in the US film industry.
The next generation of directors has gained a lot from Lynch's vision, that much is clear today. A director like Quentin Tarantino, whose hit "Pulp Fiction" was rightly celebrated around the world, would not have been possible had Lynch not come before.
Lynch's film "Wild at Heart," which was awarded the Golden Palm in Cannes in 1990, was the first modern American movie to combine violence with humor, to bring both horror and sarcasm to the big screen simultaneously - paving the way for Quentin Tarantino's later variation on the theme.
While "Dune," the sci-fi epic released in 1984 took a beating at the box office, it showed future directors that even big commercial blockbusters could be created as art masterpieces with finesse and imagination.
The shocking film vision behind "Blue Velvet" proved a hit in the mid-80s, with celebrities Isabella Rosellini and Dennis Hopper brought onboard. It's a fascinating study even today in genre-mixing, showing how elements from a number of genres can create something entirely new when brought together.
With 'Twin Peaks,' Lynch wrote television history
The path to the creation of the popular television series "Twin Peaks" was paved, according to many experts, more than half a century ago.
Lynch's films became more inaccessible after "Wild at Heart" in 1990, apart from the exceptional "The Straight Story." At the same time, the director was delving deeper into the layers of human sub-consciousness as he became more interested in transcendental meditation. Interviews and profiles about the director in recent years report increasingly more about his connection to meditation than about his movies and films.
Still, David Lynch fans have good reason to hold out hope. After a long break, the master has returned to the director's chair to take on the continuation of the "Twin Peaks" series. While not much else is known, planning for 18 additional episodes of the small-town drama centering on the death of the young Laura Palmer is in the works, with Lynch himself directing. The new episodes are expected to air in 2017; until then, fans will have to wait patiently.
But first, while we wait, let's raise a toast to the occasion and send good wishes his way.