US authorities have arrested hundreds of people across five states. Officials have called the operations "routine" but immigration advocates say it signals a more aggressive policy under President Donald Trump.
Image: picture alliance/U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement/AP/dpa/C. Reed
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Hundreds of people who were in the United States without authorization were arrested this week as President Donald Trump's hard-line stand on immigration appears to be being put into action.
The US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agency conducted a series of immigration sweeps across Atlanta, New York, Chicago, Los Angeles and the surrounding areas. While the agency did not release the total number of detainees, a spokesman for the Atlanta office said it had arrested 200 people, while the director of enforcement and removal for the Los Angeles field office, David Marin, said his office counted 161 arrests.
This week's raids sparked concerns among immigration advocates and families. The sweep comes on the heels of Trump's executive order barring refugees and migrants from seven majority-Muslim countries from entering the US. The order is currently on hold after a District Court judge in Seattle ordered a temporary halt to the ban.
"The fear coursing through immigrant homes and the native-born Americans who love immigrants as friends and family is palpable," the executive director of the National Immigration Forum, Ali Noorani, said in a statement. "Reports of raids in immigrant communities are a grave concern."
Fast work: Donald Trump's executive actions so far
Donald Trump has sent shockwaves in his first few days as US president with a number of far-reaching executive orders and memoranda. DW examines what they mean.
Image: picture-alliance/dpa/Sachs
A quick way to fulfill campaign promises
Less than a month into his presidency, Donald Trump has issued 17 executive actions. While this number in itself is not remarkable - by the same time, Barack Obama had signed roughly the same number of executive orders - the content of Trump's decrees is. It seems the new president wants to implement many of his campaign promises - including the controversial ones - as quickly as possible.
Image: Reuters/K. Lamarque
Executive orders and presidential memoranda
Executive actions (EA) allow the US president to give government agencies orders that do not need Congressional approval, circumventing the law-making process and speeding up the implementation process. Executive orders are a more wide-reaching form of EA that often deal with larger organizational directives, while presidential memoranda order specific agencies to do something.
Image: picture-alliance/CNP/A. Harrer
Weakening Obamacare
Executive Order: The first executive order that Trump signed was a missive on deferring, waving or delaying parts of the Affordable Care Act to "minimize regulatory burdens." While Trump alone can not repeal the healthcare law instated under President Obama, he can undermine the implementation of "Obamacare" while the Republican majority in Congress prepares to repeal the law.
Image: Reuters/J. Rinaldi
Pulling federal funding for abortion advice
Presidential Memorandum: Trump re-instated a policy that bars US federal funding for non-governmental organizations that provide abortion counseling and advocate for abortion rights. This directive was initially instated by Republican president Ronald Reagan, rescinded by Democrat Bill Clinton, re-instated by Republican George W. Bush and again rescinded by Democrat Barack Obama.
Image: REUTERS/A. P. Bernstein
Deportation of undocumented immigrants
Executive Order: Trump ordered immigration agents to vastly expand the scope of deportations. He wants federal grants to be pulled from sanctuary cities (where undocumented migrants are not prosecuted) and immigrants suspected of a crime to be detained, even if they were not charged. He plans to hire 10,000 new immigration agents and publish a report on crimes committed by undocumented immigrants.
Image: picture alliance/AP Images/G. Bull
Building the Wall
Executive Order: In an executive order signed on January 25, President Trump called for "the immediate construction of a physical wall" in order to secure the US-Mexico border. He also referred to undocumented immigrants as "removable aliens," saying that the executive branch should "end the abuse of parole and asylum provisions currently used to prevent the lawful removal of removable aliens."
Image: Getty Images/AFP/S. Huffaker
Travel ban and halting refugee intake
Executive Order: Trump signed this controversial order on January 27. It banned people from seven majority-Muslim countries from entering the US for three months, stopped the Syrian refugee program indefinitely and suspended refugee admissions for 120 days. Protests against the order erupted across the country and even Republican senators John McCain and Lindsey Graham criticized the policy.
Image: DW/M. Shwayder
The United States pulls out of TPP
Memorandum: It was no surprise that Donald Trump abandoned the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). During his campaign, he frequently criticized the TPP and the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), saying that other countries benefited from these trade agreements at the expense of the US. Press secretary Sean Spicer said Trump prefered deals with individual countries.
Image: Getty Images/AFP/
Oil pipelines, if they're made from US steel
Three different memoranda: One on constructing the Dakota Access Pipeline, another on continuing construction of the Keystone pipeline, and a third order on using American materials to build all pipelines - were issued on Trump's fourth day in office. Barack Obama had denied permits to both pipelines after massive protests from environmentalists, who feared the potential impact of spills.
Image: REUTERS/S. Keith
Expand the military, freeze other government hiring
Memoranda: Trump quickly lived up to his campaign promise to invest in a bigger military, signing a memorandum for more troops, warships and a modernized nuclear arsenal a week into his presidency. Four days earlier, he ordered a freeze on the hiring of new civilian employees in federal agencies for up to 90 days, so that his administration could develop a long-term plan to shrink the workforce.
Image: Reuters/K. Pempel
Lobbying, National Security Council and IS
Executive order: Every new government appointee will sign an ethics pledge that bans them from working as a lobbyist for five years after leaving their post and from ever lobbying the US government for other countries. On the same day, he issued two further memoranda ordering the Department of Defense to formulate a plan to defeat IS within 30 days and to reorganize the National Security Council.
Image: Reuters/l. Jackson
Steve Bannon in the National Security Council
Memorandum: Trump ordered an overhaul of the National Security Council (NSC) to elevate the role of Stephen Bannon. He removed several senior members from the foreign policy decision-making panel while Trump's chief strategist, known for his far-right views, will serve on the committee usually staffed with generals. This breaks with the long-held norm of not appointing political actors to the NSC.
Image: pciture-alliance/AP Photo/E. Vucci
Deregulate, deregulate, deregulate
Executive Orders and Memorandum: Trump wants federal agencies to eliminate at least two prior regulations for every new regulation. He ordered a freeze on new and pending federal regulations, until a Trump-appointed department head could revise them. He also asked for the approval of "high priority infrastructure projects" to be sped up.
Image: Getty Images/AFP/M. Ralston
Presidential precedent
President Barack Obama issued a total of 277 executive orders - an average of roughly three per month, slightly fewer than his predecessor George W. Bush at 291.
However, Obama issued 644 presidential memoranda during his time in office to get around blocks in Congress - a precedent Trump appears to be following.
Image: picture-alliance/dpa/Sachs
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Business as usual?
Authorities have refuted claims that this week's raids mark a step-up in enforcement under Trump, saying they are simply enforcing laws and conducting "routine" sweeps against immigrants who are in the country illegally or have criminal records. The raids, they say, are no different to what was enforced under former President Barack Obama.
Marin described this week's operations as an "enforcement surge" and said that "rash of recent reports about purported ICE checkpoints and random sweeps are false, dangerous, and irresponsible."
This week's operation was in the planning stages "before the administration came out with their current executive orders," Marin said, adding that only five of the 161 people arrested in southern California would not have been deportation priorities under Obama.
Immigration in the Trump era
The Obama administration also took a hardline on illegal immigrants. While the government prioritized illegal immigrants posing a risk to national security or public safety, the US still deported more than 2 million people during Obama's eight years in office. In 2012 alone, the US deported a record 409,000 people.
Signed five days after Trump took office, the new executive order makes any illegal immigrant living in the US a priority for deportation, above all those with outstanding deportation orders. Trump also said the enforcement priorities would include legal immigrants who had been convicted of a criminal offence.
Michael Kagan, a professor of immigration law at the University of Nevada at Las Vegas, warned that this week's sweeping arrests could signal the start of a more aggressive enforcement.
"It sounds as if the majority are people who would have been priorities under Obama as well," Kagan said. "But the others may indicate the first edge of a new wave of arrests and deportations."
dm/jlw (AP, Reuters)
Mexicans deported from US, receive presidential welcome
