Germany's relationship with patriotism remains shaped by its history, making national symbols and flag-waving far more politically charged than in many other countries.

We explore why Germany's black-red-gold flag is both a symbol of democracy and a source of debate, how the 2006 World Cup changed attitudes toward national pride, and why national football coach Jürgen Klopp's call to "reclaim the flag" has reignited discussion.

Political scientists Timm Beichelt and Sabine Achoure examine the role of the far-right AFD, the politics of patriotism, and whether football can help bring a divided nation together.