Japan's iconic vending machine industry is changing. Rising operating costs, declining beverage sales and growing competition from convenience stores, supermarkets and drugstores have put pressure on traditional drink machines in the country.

Recent data shows that the number of beverage vending machines has fallen substantially over the past decade, while sales per machine remain below historic peaks.

To attract customers, some operators are now expanding beyond beverages and offering specialty products such as edible insects, clothing, frozen meals and even political pamphlets.

Industry observers say Japan's reputation for convenience continues to support vending machine use, even as companies have to adapt their business models to changing consumer habits.