Kyautar Nobel ya samo asuli daga wani masanin kimiya ɗan ƙasar Sweeden mai suna Alfred Nobel.Ya mutu ba shi da ɗa ko ɗaya.Ban da tsabar ilimi ya tara maƙuddan kuɗaɗe a rayuwarsa, kuma kamin ya mutu sai ya bar wasiya ya ce kar a ba kowa gadon dukiyarsa,kuma ya ce a yi amfani da ita ta fannin ƙara ƙarfin gwiwa ga mutanen da su ka taka rawar gani wajen inganta rayuwa a duniya, misali masu gwagwarmayar kare yanci jama´a, ko kuma wanda su ka gudanar da bincike ko ƙere-ƙere da dai sauran abubuwan wanda duniya za ta ƙaruwa da su.

Saboda haka ita kyautar Nobel ta kasu gida gida, akwai kyautar Nobel ta yaman lafiya akwai ta rubuce-rubuce akwai ta kimiyya.Ana bayyana sunayen wanda su ka samu wannan kyaututuka ko wace shekara a cikin watan Oktoba, sannan ana bikin miƙa ta ranar goma ga watan Disemba wadda ta yi daidai da ranar mutuwar Alfred Nobel.Daga farkon bada kyautar zuwa yanzu, mutane 829 su ka same ta akwai maza 766, mata 40 sai kuma ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa, kamar misali ƙungiyar Red Cross.Yawan kuɗin da ake badawa sun zarta Euro miliyan ɗaya.

An fara bada kyautar Nobel tun shekara ta 1901 wato shekaru 111 kenan.Ana miƙa wannan kyauta mai daraja ga mutanen da su ka nuna jarumtaka ko kuma ƙwazo ta fannin tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali da zaman lafiya a duniya.

A Afirka daga ƙirƙiro wannan kyauta zuwa yanzu, mutane shida kacal su ka taɓa samun ta.

Na farko dai shi ne Albert John Luluti, shugaban jam´iyar ANC ta Afirka ta Kudu, wanda ya samu kyautar Nobel ta zaman lafiya a shekara 1960, sakamakon ƙwazon da ya nuna, ta fannin yaƙi da mulkin wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu.

Sai kuma a shekara 1978 shugaban ƙasar Masar Annouar el Sadate ya samu wannan kyauta dalili da faɗi tashin da ya sha fama da shi domin warware rikicin yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya.

Bayan sa, sai a shekara 1984 inda Desmond Tutu na Afirka ta Kudu ya samu wannan kyauta, shi ma dalili da jarumtakarsa wajen gwagwarmaya da mulkin wariyar launin fata da Appartheid.

A shekara 1993 kyautar ta sake komawa Afirka ta Kudu, inda aka miƙawa jarumai biyu ita, wato Nelson Mandela da Frederick de Clerc shugaban ƙasar Afrika ta Kudu.Shi Nelson Mandela dalili da abinda kowa ya sani wato jajurcewa wajen yaƙi da mulkin wariyar launin fata, sannan shi kuwa Frederick De Clerc saboda haɗin kan da ya bada wajen shimfiɗa cikkakar demokraɗiya a ƙasar, da kuma samarwa baƙaƙen fata ´yanci.

A shekara 2001 Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya Koffi Annan, wanda ɗan ƙasar Ghana ne, shi ya samu kyautar Nobel Price saboda ƙwazo da ya nuna wajen tafiyar da aikin Majalisar, da kuma shimfiɗa demokradiya da zaman lafiya a ƙasashen duniya da ke fama da rikici.

Sai a shekara 2004 a karon farko wata macce daga Afrika, wato Wangari Mathai ta ƙasar Kenya ta samu wannan kyauta mai daraja.

Wangari Mathai ta samu Nobel Price saboda ficen da ta yi wajen kare mahhali da kuma tabbatar da tsarin mulkin demokraɗiya a ƙasar kenya.

Mawallafi: Yahouza Sadissou Madobi

Edita: Ahmad Tijani lawal