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Fatima al-Fihri: Wace ta gina jami'a mafi tsufa a duniya

Ilham Talbi
September 17, 2020

A garin Fez na Moroko, Fatima al-Fihri ta gina masallaci gami da jami'ar da ta shahara mai suna Jami'ar al-Qarawiyyin. Tana cikin tsafin jami'o'i na duniya.

Projekt African Roots

Wace ce Fatima al-Fihri ?

An haifi Fatima al-Fihri a shekara ta 800 A.D. Mahaifinta Mohammed Bnou Abdullah al-Fihri dan kasuwa ne mai arzikin wanda ya zauna Fez tare da iyalai lokacin mulkin Idris na II. Har zuwa yanzu ga masana tarihin rayuwar Fatima yana kunshe da boye-boye. Daya daga cikin shi abin da ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar Fatima kimanin shekara ta 878.

Lokacin da ta rayu ana kiranta da suna "Maman yara maza". A cewa masanin tarihi Mohammed Yasser Hilali, "saboda irin taimakon da take yi gami da kula da 'yan makaranta."

Me ya sa Fatima al-Fihri ta dauki matakn gina masallaci?

Fatima na da imani mai karfi. Lokacin da ta gaji dukiya mai yawa bayan rasuwar mahaifinta da mijinta, ta yanke shawarar gina masallaci ga al'ummar Musulmin Fez da suke bukata, kuma mai girma da zai dauki yawan mutanen da ke karuwa.

Bayan sayen fili daga hanun mutumin "Hawaara"  sai Fatima ta fara aikin ginin a farkon watan Ramadan na shekarar 254 Hijjira, wanda ya yi dai dai da 859 A.D.

Daga karni na 10 masallacin al-Qarawiyyin ya shahara inda ya zama cibiyar addini ta farko kuma jami'ar Islama mafi girma ta Larabawan Arewacin Afirka. Tana samu dalibai masu yawa da masana kimiyya.

A kan shirya taruka da muhawara a kai a kai a wajen. Ga bayanan da aka samu, an tsara koyarwa da hadewar jami'ar a Fez inda aka samar da dakunan karatu masu yawa.

Fatima al-Fihri: Wace ta gina jami'a mafi tsufa a duniya

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Me ya sa jami'ar al-Qarawiyyin ta shahara?

Ana daukar Jami'ar al-Qarawiyyin a matsayin tsohuwar jami'a a duniya da take ci gaba da aiki, kuma an kafata kafin wasu tsaffin jami'o'in Turai, a cewa hukumar UNESCO da masu bin tarihi na duniya. Shekarar da aka kafa jami'ar al-Qarawiyyin a shekarar aka gina masallacin, wannan ya nuna irin tsohon lokacin da aka kwashe na koyarwa. Haka ya nuna ta wuce masallacin Sankore na Timbuktu (da aka kafa a shekara ta 989 A.D.) da kimanin karni guda haka ta wuce jami'ar Bologna (da aka kafa a shekara ta 1088 A.D.) da kimanin karni biyu.

A cikin wadanda suka gama jami'ar akwai marubuta wakoki da masana ilimin sararin samaniya da na lissafi daga bangarori na yankin. Daga cikin fitattun mutanen akwai Abdurahman Ibn Khaldun masanin tarihi da Abu Walid Ibn Rushd da likita Musa Ibn Maimonou, gami da Gerbert of Aurillac, wanda ya zama Paparoma Sylvester na II.

Yaya ake tunawa da Fatima al-Fihri?

Fatima al-Fihri ta dauki kanta matsayin waliya kuma tana da kima ta musamman a Fez. A shekara ta 2017 an kirkiro da lambar yabo a Tunisiya domin girmama ta. Ana ba da kyauta domin karfafa gwiwar masana da horas da mata. Akwai kuma tsarin gurbin ilimi ga dalibai daga Turai da arewacin Afirka domin tunawa da Fatima al-Fihri.

Wadanda suka taimaka da shawarwari wajen rubuta wannan tarihi sun hadar da Farfesan tarihi Doulaye Konaté da Dr. Lily Mafela da kuma Farfesa Christopher Ogbogbo. Gidauniyar Gerda Henkel  ce ta taimaka wajen kawo muku Tushen Afirka.