Ranar 7 ga watan Afrilu aka cika shekaru 30 da kisan kiyashi a Rwanda inda aka hallaka mutane kusan miliyan daya 'yan Tutsi da 'yan Hutu masu sassaucin ra'ayi a shekarar 1994. Har yanzu al'umma na cikin alhini da jimami
Tuna mutanen da suka rasu a kisan kiyashi a RwandaHoto: Ben Curtis/AP/picture alliance
Talla
Mutane kusan miliyan daya ne dai yawancinsu 'yan kabilar Tutsi marasa rinjaye da kuma wasu kalilan 'yan Hutu masu sassaucin ra'ayi da ke zama mafi rinjaye da suka yi kokarin bada kariya ga 'yan Tutsi aka hallaka. 'Yan kabilar Hutu wadanda su ne mafiya rinjaye a kasar suka aikata ta'asar kisan gillar cikin kwanaki 100. Lamarin ya fara ne a ranar 7 ga watan Afrilun 1994.
Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na zama na musamman domin karrama mutanen da suka tsira daga wannan ta'asa.
Tuna kisan kiyashi a Rwanda shekaru 30 da suka wuceHoto: Sayyid Abdul Azim/AP/picture alliance
A cikin wata sanarwa sakataren Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Antonio Guterres ya ce ba za a taba mantawa da mutanen da wannan bala'i na kisan kare dangi ya shafa ba. Haka kuma ba za a manta da irin bajinta da juriyar da suka nuna ba.
Freddy Mutanguha, dan Tutsi ne, kuma yana daga cikin mutanen da suka tsira.
"Ya ce ina iya tunawa ina ji yan uwana suna kuka yayin da ake yi musu kisan rashin imani. Suna rokon maharan su yi musu rai amma a banza. Sun jefa yan uwana mata cikin wani rami da ke kusa, wasu da ransu amma sai suka karasa su da buga musu duwatsu. Iyayena kuwa sun hallaka ne da adduna"
Shekarun Freddy 18 a lokacin kisan kiyashin kuma ya je kauyensu ne Mushubati da ke Kibuye mai tazarar kilomita 135 Kigali babban birnin Rwanda bayan samun hutun makaranta.
'Yan Hutu masu tsattsauran ra'ayi sun rika farautar matasa maza wadanda suke zargi da tausaya wa ko nuna goyon baya ga kungiyar kishin kasa ta Rwanda wato Rwanda Patriotic Front (RFP) wadda kungiya ce ta galibi yan Tutsi karkashin jagorancin Paul Kagame wanda ya zama shugaban kasar Rwanda.
Shugaban kasar Rwanda Paul KagameHoto: Halil Sagirkaya/Anadolu/picture alliance
Bayan rasa iyayensa da yan uwansa mata su hudu, Freddy ya kuma rasa danginsa su kimanin 80 a kisan gillar.
Wasu daga cikin wadanda suka kashe dangin Freddy, an sako su daga gidan yari a karkashin wata yarjejeniya cewa za a yi afuwa ga wadanda suka yi zaman gidan yari na rabin wa'adin da aka yanke musu idan suka bayar da bayanai ga masu gabatar da kara game da wandanda ake zargi da kuma inda aka jefar da gawarwakin mutanen da aka kashe. Sai dai jigajigan wannan ta'asa har yanzu suna nan a gidan yari.
Freddy, wanda tsohon mataimakin shugaban kungiyar IBUKA ne, kungiyar wadanda suka tsira daga kisan kiyashin Rwanda, yanzu shi ne daraktan gidan tarihin Kigali na kisan kiyashi inda aka binne gawarwakin mutane 250,000 da aka yiwa kisan gillar.
Duk da kokarin Rwanda na sasanta tsakanin mutanen da suika tsira da kuma wadanda suka aikata kisan kiyashin, lamarin na cigaba da sosa ran wasu da suka tsira kamar Freddy da 'yar uwarsa Rosette.
Ya ce wadanda suka aikata wannan abu ba kasafai suke baiyana dukkan gaskiyar ba, wanda hakan shi ne yake kawo cikas ga kokarin sasantawa, abin kuma da ya ke damun wadanda suka tsira. Yana mai cewa daya daga cikin wadanda suka kashe danginsa ya boye bayanai da dama.
Tuna kisan kiyashi na 1994 a RwandaHoto: Sayyid Azim/AP Photo/picture alliance
"Ya ce an sake shi bayan da ya yi shekaru 15 a gidan yari maimakon shekaru 25 da aka yanke masa, saboda kawai dan bayanan da ya bai wa masu gabatar da kara. To amma haka muke rayuwa tun da babu yadda za mu yi, wadanda muka rasa ba za a iya dawo da su ba."
Sai dai kuma Freddy ya amince cewa gwamnatin Rwanda ta sami gagarumar nasara wajen sasantawa.
Farfesa Phil Clark masanin siyasar duniya a sashen nazarin harsuna da al'adun gabashin Afirka (SOAS) da ke Jami'ar London ya yi tsokaci kan batun yana mai cewa:-
"Ya ce a fahimta ta tsawon shekaru ashirin da na yi ina bincike a Rwanda, ina ganin akida ta kisan kare dangi ta ragu matuka."
Clark ya ce babban kalubale na sasantawa a Rwanda a yanzu shi ne yan Rwanda da ke kasashen waje wadanda su ne har yanzu basu shiga cikin shirin sasantawa a cikin kasar ba. Su ne kuma suke yada bayanan da ke raba kawuna a shafukan sada zumunta ga danginsu da ke gida wanda hakan ke kawo cikas ga yunkurin sasantawar musamman a tsakanin matasa wadanda basu da masaniya sosai a kan abin da ya faru shekaru 30 da suka wuce.
Tuna baya na abin da ya faru a Rwanda shekaru 30 da suka wuce ba abu ne yan Tutsi kadai da suka tsira daga kisan kare dangi ba amma lamari ne da duniya baki daya za ta yi koyi daga gare shi saboda laifi ne da aka aikata kan bil Adama.
Karin Bayani:
Kwanaki 100 na kisan kare dangi a Ruwanda
Har yau kisan kare dangi da aka yi a Ruwanda shekaru 25 da suka wuce, yana daukar hankalin duniya. A 1994 gamaiyar kasa da kasa musamman Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da kasar Faransa sun juya wa al'ummar Ruwanda baya.
Hoto: Timothy Kisambira
Alamun tsattsauran ra'ayi
Ranar 6 ga watan Afrilun 1994 wadanda ba a sani ba suka kakkabo jirgin saman da ke dauke da shugaban Ruwanda Juvenal Habyarimana lokacin da yake kokarin sauka a filin saukar jiragen saman birnin Kigali. Shugaba Habyarimana da takwaransa na Burundi sun mutu a harin. Kwana guda bayan haka aka fara kisan da aka tsara. An ci gaba da kisan kare dangin inda cikin watanni uku aka hallaka mutane 800,000.
Hoto: AP
Kisa da nufi
Bayan hallaka shugaban, 'yan Hutu masu matsanancin ra'ayi sun kai hari kan tsirarun 'yan Tutsi da Hutu masu sassaucin ra'ayi. Wannan kisa ne da aka shirya a kan 'yan fafutuka, da 'yan jarida da 'yan siyasa. Daya daga cikin wadanda aka fara kashewa ranar 7 ga watan Afrilu ita ce Firaminista Agathe Uwiringiymana.
Hoto: picture-alliance/dpa
Ceto 'yan kasashen ketare
Ana kashe dubban 'yan Ruwanda kowace rana, sojoji musamman na Beljiyam da Faransa sun kwashe 'yan kasashe ketare kimanin 3,500. Ranar 13 ga watan Afrilu sojojin Beljiyam sun ceci ma'aikata bakwai Jamusawa da ke aiki da tashar Deutsche Welle mai yada shiri daga Kigali. Ma'aikata 'yan kasar Ruwanda 80 kacal daga cikin 120 ne suka tsira daga kisan kare dangin.
Hoto: P.Guyot/AFP/GettyImages
Kira kan neman taimako
A farkon watan Janairun 1994 shugaban dakarun kiyaye zaman lafiya Romeo Dallaire ya nemi daukar mataki kan labarin da ya samu na shirin hallaka 'yan Tutsi. Amma sakon gargadin da ya tura wa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ranar 11 ga watan Janairu an yi biris da shi. Kofi Annan karamin Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya mai kula da tsari ya yi watsi da maganar yuwuwar kisan kare dangin.
Hoto: A.Joe/AFP/GettyImages
Sakonnin tsana na kafofin yada labarai
Gidan rediyon RTLM da Kangura da wata mujalla mai fitowa mako-mako cike suke da sakonnin tsana na kabilanci. A shekarar 1990, Kangura ta buga wasu ka'idoji 10 na Hutu, rediyon RTLM ya yi suna wajen kade-kade da labarin wasanni, da kuma ziga 'yan Hutu su hallaka 'yan Tutsi marasa rinjaye. Daraktanta Milo Rau ya sadaukar da kai wajen tsara fim na "Tsanan Rediyo"
Hoto: IIPM/Daniel Seiffert
'Yan gudun hijira a otel
A birnin Kigali, Paul Rusesabagina ya boye fiye da mutane 1,000 a otel mai suna "Hotel des Milles Collines". Rusesabagina ke zama manajan otel din na dan kasar Beljiyam wanda ya bar kasar. Sakamakon amfani da kudi da giya, ya taimaka wajen kare 'yan Hutu masu matsanancin ra'ayi daga kisan 'yan gudun hijira. A wurare masu yawa 'yan gudun hijira ba su tsira ba.
Hoto: Gianluigi Guercia/AFP/GettyImages
Kisan kare dangi a mujami'u
Mujami'u ba su zama tudun na tsira ba. Kimanin mutane 4,000 maza da mata da kuma yara aka hallaka da adduna da wukake a mujami'ar Ntarama da ke kusa da birnin Kigali. Yau wannan mujami'a ta kasance daya daga cikin wuraren da ake tunawa da kisan kare dangi. Akwai kasusuwan kawuna da jikin mutane a bango da ke tunatar da abin da ya faru.
Hoto: epd
Rawar da Faransa ta taka
Faransa tana da hulda ta kut-da-kut da gwamnatin Hutu. Lokacin da sojojin Faransa suka shiga a watan Yuni, sojojin da tsagerun da suke da hannu wajen kisan kare dangi sun tsere zuwa kasar Zaire, wadda yanzu ake kira Jamhuriyar Demokaradiyyar Kwango, tare da makamansu. Sun ci gaba da zama barazana ga Ruwanda.
Hoto: P.Guyot/AFP/GettyImages
Dafifin 'yan gudun hijira
Lokacin kisan kare dangin, miliyoyin 'yan Ruwanda 'yan Tutsi da Hutu sun tsere zuwa kasashen Tanzaniya da Zaire da kuma Yuganda. Miliyan biyu sun shiga Zaire kadai. Wadannan sun hada da tsaffin sojoji da wadanda suka shirya kisan kare dangi, inda suka kafa kungiyar Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR), wadda take cin zarafin fararen hula a gabashin kasar Kwango.
Hoto: picture-alliance/dpa
Kama babban birni Kigali
Ranar 4 ga watan Yulin 1994 kungiyar Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) ta fara sintiri a yankin mujami'ar "Holy Family" a birnin Kigali. Zuwa lokacin da kungiyar ta karbe iko a mafi yawan kasar ta kawo karshen kisan kare dangi. Amma kungiyoyin fafutuka sun zargi 'yan tawayen da aika laifuka, sai dai babu wanda aka tuhuma har yanzu.
Hoto: Alexander Joe/AFP/GettyImages
Karshen kisan kare dangi
Ranar 18 ga watan Yulin 1994, shugaban RPF, Manjo-Janar Paul Kagame ya bayyana kawo karshen fada da dakarun gwamnati. 'Yan tawaye sun kwace babban birnin kasar da sauran manyan birane. Da farko sun saka gwamnatin riko. Daga bisani Paul Kagame ya zama shugaban Ruwanda a shekara ta 2000.
Hoto: Alexander Joe/AFP/GettyImages
Tabon karshe
An kwashe kimanin watanni uku ana kisan kare dangi. An yi amfani da adduna wajen yanka mutane. Mutane sun hallaka makwabta. Yara da tsofi ba su tsira ba, gawauwaki sun mamaye kan tituna da sauran sassan jikin mutane. Ba wadannan abubuwan ba ne kawai ke tunatar da mutane kisan kare dangin Ruwanda. Akwai kuma tunani.
