Yayin da ya fara sabon wa'adin shekaru bakwai a matsayin shugaban kasar Kamaru, Shugaba Paul Biya ya tattauna game da yiwuwar yin kwaskwarima ga kundin tsarin mulki.
Wa'adi na takwas na tsawon shekaru bakwai, yaushe Shugaba Paul Biya zai sauka?Hoto: Angel Ngwe/AP Photo/picture alliance
Talla
Gyaran kundin tsarin zabe, na iya bayar da damar samun mukamin mataimakin shugaban kasa. Wannan furci na shugaban kasar Kamaru Paul Biya na zuwa ne, a daidai lokacin da ake shirin gudanar da zabukan 'yan majalisu a shekara mai kamawa.
Bukatar kawo gyara
Shugabannin Afirka da ke canza dokoki domin zama a mulki
Domin son dauwama a kan karagar mulki, shugabannin Afirka da dama na canza kundin tsarin mulkin kasarsu. Basu ko girgiza ba da boren da ya kawo karshen gwamnatin Shugaba Blaise Compaore na Burkina Faso da ya nemi tazarce
Hoto: AFP/Getty Images/Sia Kambou
Robert Mugabe - Zimbabuwe
Dan shekaru 90 da haihuwa shugaba Robert Mugabe na Zimbabuwe ke zama shugaba mafi yawan shekaru a Afirka. Mugabe ya zama firaminista a 1980 bayan shekaru bakwai ya zama shugaban kasa. Da farko ana ganin sa dan gwagwarmaya amma daga bisani gwamnatinsa ta fada rudani abinci da tattalin arziki. A shekarar da ta gabata Mugabe ya gyara tsarin mulki domin mulki har ya kai shekaru 97.
Hoto: Getty Images/Afp/Jekesai Njikizana
Teodoro Obiang - Equatorial Guinea
Babu shugaban Afirka da ya fishi dadewa. Dan shekaru 72 ya kwace madafun iko a 1979. Obiang ya sauya kundin tsarin mulki sau uku: a sheakarar 1982, da 1991, da kuma na kwanakin baya a 2011 ta hanyar zaben raba gardama. Duk da yake an amince da takaita wa'adin mulki na shekaru babkwai sau biyu, amma an kawar da yawan shekarun da ba a son dan takara ya wuce na 75.
Hoto: AP
Jose Eduardo Dos Santos - Angola
Shugaban Angola ya kwashe fiye da shekaru 35 yana mulki. An fara zabensa bayan mutuwar shugaban kasar na farko Agostinho Neto. Bisa sabon kundin tsarin mulki shugaban jam'iyyar da ta samu kuri'u mafi rinjaye a majalisar dokoki zai zama shugaban kasa kai tsaye. Jam'iyyar Dos Santos ta MPLA ce jam'iyya mai karfi a Angola, abin da ke nuni da cewa dan shekaru 72 zai ci gaba da mulki zuwa wasu shekaru.
Hoto: picture-alliance/dpa
Paul Biya - Kamaru
Paul Biya yana mulkin kasar ta yammacin tsakiyar Afirka tun shekarar 1982. Tsohon kundin tsarin mulkin Kamaru ya haramta masa sake tsayawa takara. A shekara ta 2008, ya sauya dokoki tare da cire dokar da ta danganci wa'adin mulki, duk da gagarumar zanga-zanga daga 'yan kasar. Sake zabensa a sjhekara ta 2011 mai zo da mamaki ba. Jam'iyyun adawa da masu sukar gwamnati sun zarge shi da magudin zabe.
Hoto: Patrick Kovarik/AFP/Getty Images
Yoweri Museveni – Yuganda
Museveni ya dare kan karagar mulki a 1986, inda ya kawo karshen mulki kama karya na Idi Amin a Yuganda. Bayan mulkin kasar ta gabashin Afirka na tsawon shekaru 28, godiya ta tabbata ga gyara ga kundin tsarin mulki, Museveni shima ya zama dan kama karya. A shekara ta 2005 ya cire wa'adin shugabanci duk da yake ya taba cewa "Bai kamata wani shugaban Afirka ya wuce shekaru 10 a kan madafun iko ba."
Hoto: picture alliance/empics
Mswati III – Siwaziland
Ya hau kan mulki ba tare da canja tsarin mulki ba, saboda Siwaziland ba da kundin tsarin muli. Mswati na III ke zama sarki na mai karfi na karshe a Afirka. Yana da shekara 18 ya hau mulki a 1986, bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa Sarki Sobhuza na II. Tun lokacin yake mulkin kasar da dokokin da ya tsara tare da watsi da tsarin demokaradiya. Siwaziland tana daya daga cikin kasashen duniya da suka fi talauci.
Hoto: Ishara S.KODIKARA/AFP/GettyImages
Idriss Deby - Cadi
An haifi Idriss Deby Itno a 1952 ya fara aiki kafin ya zama dan tawaye. A 1990 ya kifar da gwamnatin Hissene Habre kuma shekaru guda daga bisa ya zama shugaban kasa. A shekara ta 2004 ya yi gyara ga kundin tsarin mulki domin ci gaba da zama a mulki. 'Yan tawaye sun nemi kifar da gwamnatin a shekara ta 2006 da 2008 amma babu nasara. An sake zabensa a shekara ta 2011 a karo na hudu.
Hoto: Thierry Charlier/AFP/Getty Images
Joseph Kabila - Jamhuriyar Demokaradiyar Kwango
Kabila idan aka kwatanta shi da sauran har yanzu da shi matashi ne wanda bai dade da hawa mulki ba. Dan shekaru 43 da haihuwa yana mulkin kasar ta Kwango tun shekara ta 2001. Ya hau mulki bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa Laurent Kabila. Kabila ya lashe zaben farko a shekara ta 2006 kuma ya nemi a gyara tsarin mulki domin ya sake takara.
Hoto: Reuters
Hotuna 81 | 8
Shugaba Biya ya fara tunanin kawo sauye-sauye a fuskar siyasar kasar, kwanaki kalilan bayan rantsar da shi. Tun da fari a cikin jawabinsa na karbar mulkin, ya yi shelar yin kwaskwarima ga kundin zabe. "Ya kamata mu mika bukatar yin wasu gyare-gyare ga majalisar dokoki, wadanda za su bayar da damar inganta aikin gwamnati......." A cewar Biya.
Manazarta a kasar ta Kamaru na ganin cewa, sauye-sauyen da shugaban zai kawo za su karfafa dimukuradiyya. Amma a bangare guda ana ganin wata hanya ce ta kara kautar da 'yan adawa daga mulki, duk da cewar jagoran adawar da ya sha kaye Issa Tchiroma Bakary har yanzu yana ganin yana iya ja da gwamnatin da ya ce ta yi kwacen zabe.
Hoto: Desire Danga Essigue/REUTERS
Farfesa Louisson Essomba mai yin sharhi ne a kan al amamuran siyasa: "Hakika a cikin wannan tsarin za mu iya ganin cewa shugaban na Kamaru yana son ya tafi da zamani a cikin tsarin mulkin, musamma na kirkirar mukami na mataimakin shugaban kasa................."
Murkushe 'yan adawa ko bayar da kai....?
Gyaran fuskar zai shafi kudin tsarin mulki da kudin zabe da hukumar zabe. Amma abin da ya fi muhimmanci ga 'yan adawa a cikin watanni masu zuwa shi ne, zaben 'yan majalisu da na kananan hukumomi da ake sa ran za a yi a cikin watan Mayu na shekara ta 2026 da ke tafe.
Afirka: Shugabannin mutu ka raba
Shugabannin wasu kasashen Afirka sun kwashe tsawon shekaru a kan mulki, inda da yawa daga cikin 'yan kasarsu ba su san wani shugaba ba bayan su. Shugabannin da suka fi tsufa da dadewa, na kasashe makwabtan juna ne.
Hoto: Jemal Countess/UPI/newscom/picture alliance
Equatorial Guinea: Teodoro Obiang Nguema
Teodoro Obiang Nguema da shekaru 46 a karagar mulki, ya kasance shugaban kasa a Afirka da ya fi kowa dadewa a mulki. Su biyu ne suka rike wannan mukamin mafi dadewa a kan mulki, har shekara ta 2017. Tare da Shugaba José Eduardo dos Santos na Angola, suka dare mulki a shekara ta 1979. A shekarar 2022, an sake zabar sa. A yanzu dansa da ya kasance mataimakin shugaban kasa, na jiran gadon kujerarsa.
Hoto: Ludovic Marin/AFP
Kamerun: Paul Biya
Shugaban Kamaru, shugaban kasar da yafi yawan shekaru a Afirka: An haife shi a 1933, Paul Biya na rike da mukamin shugaban kasa tun a 1982. Ya taba rike mukamin firaminista, na tsawon shekaru bakwai. A shekara ta 2008, an yi wa kundin tsarin mulkin Kamaru kwaskwarima da nufin bai wa Biya damar yin tazarce. A watan Oktobar shekara ta 2025, mai shekaru 92 a duniyar zai sake tsayawa takara.
Tuni Shugaba Denis Sassou Nguesso ya kwaskware kundin tsarin mulki, domin samun damar yin tazarce. Ya hau kan mulkin Jamhuriyar Kwango (Congo Brazzaville) tun a 1979, an saka sake zabarsa a matsayin shugaban kasa a 2021, jam'iyyun adawa sun kauracewa zaben, kana kungiyar bishop-bishop ta kasar wato 'Bishops Conference', ta yi korafi kan sahihancinsa.
Hoto: Russian Foreign Ministry/AFP
Yuganda: Shugaba Yoweri Museveni
Kusan shekaru 40 Yoweri Museveni ke kan madafun iko, 'yan kasarsa da dama ba su san wani shugaban kasa ba sai shi. Kaso 80 cikin 100 na al'ummar Yuganda miliyan 46, an haife su bayan ya dare kujerar mulki a shekarar ta 1986. Domin samun damar sake yin tazarce a 2012, mai shekaru 76 a lokacin Museveni ya rusa ka'idar shekarun shugaban kasa. Yana shirin sake tsayawa takara, a zaben 2026.
Hoto: SIMON MAINA/AFP/Getty Images
Eswatini: Sarki Mswati na III
Sarki Mswati na III ya jira shekarunsa su kai, kafin ya zama sarki. Mahaifinsa Sarki Sobhuza na II da ya yi shakru 61 yana mulki, ya rasu a 1982 a lokacin Mswati na III na da shekaru 14. Shekaru hudu bayan nan, Mswati na III ya dare mulki a matsayin cikakken sarki daya tilo a Afirka. Da fari ya yi mulki tare da mahaifiyarsa a 'yar karamar kasar ta Eswatini a matsayin Nndlovukazi "Babbar Giwa".
Hoto: Dan Kitwood/empics/picture alliance
Iritiriya: Shugaba Isaias Afewerki
Karamar kasar da ke gabar Tekun Bahar Maliya, ba ta taba yin wani shugaban kasa ba. An nada Isaias Afewerki shugaban kasa a watan Mayun 1993, jim kadan bayan da 'yan Iritiriya suka zabi samun 'yancin cin-gashin kai a kuri'ar raba gardama. A baya ana yi wa mutumin da aka haifa a 1946, kallon mai kawo sauyi. A yanzu, duniya na masa kallon mai mulkin danniya da ya mayar da kasarsa saniyar ware.
Hoto: Stanislav Krasilnikov/TASS/AFP
Djibouti: Omar Guelleh
Shi ne na karshe da ya dare bisa mulki, kafin shekarun 2000. Shugaba Omar Guelleh na mulkin Djibouti, tun 1999. A tsawon wannan lokaci, ya yi amfani da yankin da yake na Daular Larabawa wajen bunkasa 'yar karamar kasarsa. A yanzu, Djibouti na zaman mai masaukin baki ga sansanin sojojin Amurka da Faransa da Japan da kuma Chaina.
Hoto: Mohammed Dhaysane/AA/picture alliance
Ruwanda: Paul Kagame
Tun 19 ga watan Yulin 1994, Paul Kagame ke mulki a Ruwanda. Ya fara rike mukaman mataimakin shugaban kasa da ministan tsaro. Bayan Shugaba Pasteur Bizimungu ya yi murabus, majalisar dokoki ta zabi Kagame ranar 17 ga watan Afrilun 2000 a matsayin magajinsa. Yayin wani zaben raba-gardama a 2015, ya yi nasarar soke wa'adin shekaru biyu na shugaban kasa. Kagame zai iya mulki, har zuwa shekara ta 2034.
A 2005 Faure Gnassingbé ya karbi mulkin Togo daga mahaifinsa da ya kwashe shekaru 38 yana shugabancin kasar. Bayan gagarumar zanga-zanga da 'yan kasar suka yi, an samar da dokar da ta takaita wa'adin mulkin shugaban kasa a 2017. Tun a shekara ta 2025, Gnassingbé ne shugaban majalisar ministocin kasar. 'Yan adawa na sukar matakin da cewa, zai iya zama shugaban kasar mutu ka raba.
Hoto: Ute Grabowsky/photothek/IMAGO
Hotuna 91 | 9
Kwanaki uku bayan bikin rantsar da Paul Biya, jagoran adawa Tchiroma Bakary ya bayar da wa'adin sa'oi 48 ga hukumomi a Yaoundé da su saki dukkan wadanda suka kama. Ga dukkan alamu hukumomin sun ba da kai bori ya hau, saboda sun fara sako fursunonin siyasar da nufin kwantar da wutar rikici a kasar.