Kisan kare dangi da sace kayayaki masu daraja na tarihi da kokon kan mutane. Shekaru hudu da suka wuce gwamnatin Tarayyar Jamus ta alkawarta shirye-shiryen samun mafita. Shin ina aka kwana?
KIsan kiyashi yayin mulkin mallakar Jamus a Afirka
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Naita Hishoono daraktar cibiyar nazarin dimukuradiyya, na ganin tasiri mulkin mallakar Jamus a duk lokacin da take tattakawa a Windhuk babban birnin kasar Namibiya, akwai tituna masu sunan Jamusawa da kantunan Jamusawa da majami'ar Christ Church da aka gina zamanin mulkin mallaka.
Wani abin da ba a ganin fili amma kuma ke a zukatan mutane, shi ne kisan kare dangi da Jamusawa suka yi wa al'ummomin Herero da Nama. Kowa a Namibiya ya san wannan mummunan abin da ya faru a tarihin kasar. Sai dai abin ya bambanta lokacin da Hishoono ta zo Jamus: "'Yan Namibiya sun san tarihin mulkin mallaka, domin muna gani a tsarin gine-ginenmu, muna ganin tasirinsa a tattalin arziki. Saboda haka dangantaka tsakanin Jamus da Namibiya tamkar ya ce da kanwa, inda yar ta manta da abin da ya faru."
Herero da Nama sun gurfanar da Jamus a gaban kotu
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Gwamnatin Tarayyar Jamus ma ta san da haka kamar yadda karamar minista a ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Jamus, Michelle Müntefering ta nunar a gaban majalisar dokoki a watan Nuwamban bara: "Mun dade a Jamus muna yaudarar kanmu cewa ba mu da wani tabo na zamanin mulkin mallaka, domin mulkin mallakar da muka yi na gajeren lokaci ne da ba za a iya cewa an aikata wata ta'asa a ciki ba. Har yau kana jin wannan ikirari. Matsalar ita ce kullum muna maimaita abu guda."
Daga baya ne dai Daular Jamus ta shiga jerin 'yan mukin mallaka, inda a shekarun 1880 Jamus ta mamaye wasu yankunan Afirka, amma ta rasa su bayan ta sha kashi a yakin duniya na daya. An kuma dauki tsawon shekaru 100 kafin wata gwammatin Jamus ta nuna aniyar amincewa da haka. A 2018 a cikin yarjejeniyar kafa gwamnatin kawance, jam'iyyun CDU/CSU da SPD sun amince su yi nazari a tarihin mulkin mallakar, domin har yanzu ana ganin tasirinsa ko da yake ba kowa ne ya san da haka a rayuwa ta yau da kullum ba. Akwai tituna ma su dauke da sunan Jamusawa da wuraren tarihi da ke yin tuni da ta'asar da Jamus ta aikata lokacin mulkin mallakar.
'Fannoni a Namibiya' - hotunan bayan mulkin mallaka
Shekaru 25 bayan 'yancin kai, shin yaya Namibiya take bayan mulkin mallaka? Ma'aikata da wadanda ba sa aiki da dalibai da kuma manoma na daga cikin mutanen da suka dauki hotunan rayuwarsu ta yau da kullum.
Hoto: baslerafrika.ch/Evelyn Annuss/Marama Kavita
Abin daukar hoto ga kowa da kowa
A shekarar 2007 wasu Jamusawa biyu, Evelyn Annuss 'yar kimiyyar wasan kwaikwayo da 'yar fasaha Barbara Loreck, sun rarraba kyamarori ga daruruwan 'yan Namibiya a matsayin wani aikin gwaji. Sun bukacesu su dauki hotunan yadda kasarsu take yanzu shekaru 25 bayan 'yancin kai, shekaru 25 bayan zamanin mulkin mallakan Jamusawa da 'yancin kai. Paulus Jacobs mazaunin Lüderitz ya dauki wannan hoton.
Hoto: baslerafrika.ch/Evelyn Annuss/Paulus Jacobs
Jamusawa na da na su shirin, 'yan Namibiya kuma na da na su
"Babban burinmu shi ne mu ga hotunan tunanin mutane game da 'Germanness' a Namibiya," inji Annuss a cikin wata hira da DW. "Amma sakamakon ya kasance wani abu daban. Mutane ba su nuna wata sha'awa ga tarihin mulkin mallaka ba. Maimakon haka sun mayar da hankali a kan rayuwarsu ta yau da kullum a gaban kyamarorin." Clemensia Haragaes ta dauki hotunan unguwar Katutura da ke birnin Windhoek.
An dauki hotuna fiye da 5,000 lokacin da aka yi balaguro da kyamarorin a fadin kasar Namibiya. An bukaci masu daukar hoton su rubuta sunayensu a kan kyamarorin. Amma 'yan Namibiyar ba su ba wa hakan muhimmanci ba. "Mun yi kokarin gane wadanda suka dauki hotunan, amma hakan bai yiwu ba domin mutane ba su yi sha'awar haka ba." Annuss na ganin wannan a matsayin wani kyakkyawan sakamakon aikin fasaha.
Hoto: baslerafrika.ch/Evelyn Annuss/Memory Biwa
Daga Windhoek zuwa Switzerland
A dangane da bikin cika shekaru 25 da samun 'yancin kan Namibiya a ranar 21 ga watan Maris, gidan tarihin Afirka a birnin Basel da ofishin jakadancin Namibiya a Switzerland sun baje kolin hotuna a Basel da Geneva. A shekarar 2009 gidan tarihin kasa a birnin Windhoek ya baje koli mai taken "Staging made in Namibia." Wannan hoton da Memory Biwa ya dauka na daga cikin hotunan da aka nuna.
Hoto: baslerafrika.ch/Evelyn Annuss/Memory Biwa
Kawata hotunan yau da kullum
Gaba daya hotunan na yau da kullum da akasari aka dauka nan-take, sun dauki hankalin masu fasaha: An yi musu gangar jiki an rataya a gidan tarihi da fasaha na kasa a Namibiya. "Ya kasance muhimmi ga masu daukar hoton su ga aikinsu a can, domin daukacinsu sun fito ne daga tsoffin unguwannin wajen gari na talakawa." Marama Kavita daga Okakarara,Otjozondjupa ta dauki wannan hoton.
Hoto: baslerafrika.ch/Evelyn Annuss/Marama Kavita
Wasan kwaikwayo na yau da kullum
Akasari hotunan sun yi tuni da hotunan wasan kwaikwayo da fina-finai. "Mutane sun yi shiga iri daban-daban kuma sun yi wasan kwaikwayo daban-daban a gaban kyamara," inji Evelyn Annuss. Wadannan hotuna sun banbanta da sauran hotunan da a kan dauka don nuna wasu sigogi na musamman, musamman hotunan Namibiya da aka fi ganinsu a Jamus. Mai daukar hoto: Anke Langmaak: bikin Carnival a Windhoek.
Hoto: baslerafrika.ch/Evelyn Annuss/Anke Langmaak
Rayuwata ta yau da kullum
Wani gungun mata 'yan Herero a gaban wasu tantuna, wata yarinya ta yi shiga irin ta 'yan yawon bude ido tana tsaye a gaban hoton wata barewa sannan kananan yara na bikin carnival a birnin Windhoek; hotuna daban-daban na rayuwar yau da kullum daga bangarori mabanbanta. An kira hoton da Marama Kavita ta dauka 'Herero Day in Okahandja.'
Hoto: baslerafrika.ch/Evelyn Annuss/Marama Kavita
Na nuna maka yadda kake gani na
Lokuta masu ban al'ajabi. Masu daukar hoton sun dakushe tunanin yadda muke kallon rayuwa a Namibiya, inji Evelyn Annuss. Ana iya takaita sakamakon kamar haka: "Na nuna maka yadda kake gani na," kamar yadda wannan hoto da Cesilie Benjamin ta dauka ya nunar. An tattara hotuna da aka baje kolin a Basel da Geneva a cikin wani kundi. Mai daukar hoto: Cesilie Benjamin, Otjiwarongo.
Hoto: baslerafrika.ch/Evelyn Annuss/Marama Kavita
Hotuna 81 | 8
Jürgen Zimmerer masanin tarihin mulkin mallaka a birnin Hamburg na Jamus, ya ce da yawa cikin dalibansa ba su da masaniya kan batun: "Idan na tambayi dalibai na 'yan shekarar farko a jami'a abin da suka sani game da mulkin mallakar da Jamus ta yi, me kuka koya a sakandare? Akwai wani rukuni da bai san komai a kai ba, akwai wadanda ke da cikakkiyar masaniya, musaman game da kisan kare dangi na Herero. Idan ka tambaye su dalilin aikata ta'asar, to a nan kuma gizo ke saka."
Ita ma 'yar Namibiya kuma daraktar cibiyar nazarin dimukuradiyya, Naita Hishoono ta yi korafin cewa har yanzu a Jamus ba kasafai ake batun mulkin mallaka ba, ba ya kuma taka rawar a zo a gani a siyasar kasar. Ta yi nuni da tattaunawar da aka fara tun a 2015 tsakanin Jamus da Namibiya, kan bayar da diyya ga kisan kare dangin da Jamusawa 'yan mulkin mallaka suka yi ga kabilun Herero da nama, batun da har yanzu ba a samu matsaya ba.
