Rahoton hukumar musamman ya ambaci kasashen Afirka, kamar Najeriya inda ya ce an fi samun wannan matsala ta mutuwar kananan yara, ya kuma ambaci kasashe kamar Nijar da Habasha wadanda ya ce an sami ci gaba cikinsu a kokarin shawo kan wannan matsala.

Hukumar UNICEF a rahoton nata na shekara ta 2012, ta ce bincikenta ya nuna cewar yara akalla miliyan shida da dubu 600 suke mutuwa ko wace shekara, ko kuma akalla yara dubu 18 a kullum kafin su cika shekaru biyar da haihuwa. Manyan dalilan dake haddasa wadannan mace-mace, musmaman dake zama abin damuwa a kasashe masu tasowa, sun hada hatr da cutar pnumonia da gudaya da haihuwar jaridar tun lokcin haihuwarsu bai yi ba da Malaria, wato cutukan da suka shafi zazzabin cizon sauro. Kazalika, rahoton hukumar ya ce kashi arba'in da biyar cikin dari na yaran dake mutuwa tun kafin su kai shekaru biyar a duiya, suna rasa rayukansu ne a sakamakon rashin isasshen abinci, ko abinci mai gina jiki. Fiye da rabin wannan adadi na yara fiye da miliyan shidda dake mutuwa kafin su kai shekaru biyar a duniya, suna samuwa ne a kasashe biyar kawai, cikinsu har da China da Jamhuriyar Democradiyyar Kongo da Najeriya da da Indiya da Pakistan. Martin Dawes, jami'in yada labarai na hukumar UNICEF mai kula da nahiyoyin tsakiya da yammacin Afirka, yace tun daga shekara ta 1960 zuwa yanzu, an sami ci gaba gwaaragwado a kasashen Afrika game da matakan rage mace-macen yara kanana, to amma a Najriya, sakamakon rashin daukar manufofi da suka dace a fannin kiwon lafiya da cunkoson haihuwa, ci gaban da ake bukata baya samuwa.

Yace babban dalilan dake haddasa yawan mace-macen yara kanana a Najeriya shine yawan hayaiyafa, wato ambaliyar jama'a. Yankin yammacin Afirka shi kadai ne yanki a fadin Afirka inda aka fi samun karuwar jama'a. Idan mutum ya ziyarci wannan yanki zai ga yadda yara suke da yawa, saboda yanki ne da matasa suka fi yawa cikinsa. Hakan ya sanya kasar take fama da wahaloli, saboda ambaliyar jama'ar yana haddasa matsala ga tsarin kula da jama'a, wanda dama can ba wani mai karfi bane, tsarin kiwon lafiya bai kai ko ina ba, yayin da kasashe kamar Najeriya watakila basa kashe kudin da ya kamata su kashe kan kiwon lafiyar.

To sai dai duk da ambaliyar jama'a a yankin na Afirka ta yamma, an sami ci gaba a kasashe da dama, inda jamhuriyar Niger da Ghana suka zama abin misali. A wasu yankunan kuma, ita ma Habasha ta taka rawar gani a game da matakan rage mace-macen yara kanana. A wadannan kasashe hukumomi sun kara kokari a game da yawan kudin da suke kashewa a fannin kula da lafiyar kananan yara, musamman wadanda basu kai shekaru biya da haihuwa ba Iyaye da sauran jama'a sukan kasance kusa da tushn magani, wato asibitoci idan yaransu suka kamu da cutar Malaria, ko sauran cututtuka masu hadari ga kananan yara. A jamhuriyar Niger, bayan mumunan bala'in da aka fuskanta na asarar rayukan yara saboda yunwa da rashin isasshn abinci mai gina jiki, gwamnati ta bullo da wani tsari na kiwon lafiya da ya zama mai amfani ga kasar baki daya ta fuskar bunkasa rayuwar kananan yara.

Kakakin yada labarai na hukumar Unicef a Afrika ta tsakiya da Afrika ta yamma, Martin Dawes yayi bayanin matakan da ya kamata gwamnatoci su dauka, musamman a kasashe masu tasowa idan har suna bukatar samun nasarar rage matsalar mutuwar yara kanana tun kafin su cika shekaru biyar da haihuwa.

Yace kafin a sami nasarar magance wannan atsala ana bukatar abubuwa da dama, kamar misali alluran rigakafi ga ko wane yaro samarwa yara magunguna da wurare masu tsabta da tabbatar da ganin suna kwana a wuraren da aka tanadi gidan sauro, saboda cutar Malaria takan kashe kashi daya cikin kashi hudu na kananan yara a kasashen Afirka a ko wace shekara, ana bukatar tsarin samar da ruwa mai tsabta ga kananan yara. Duka wadannan abubuwa wajibi ne a hade su wuri guda. Akwai hanyoyi da tuni aka sansu na rage hadarin kamuwa da cutuka da ceto rayukan yara.

A lokacin taron UNICEF a Abuja a baya-bayan nan, wakilai da gwamnatocin Afrika sun daidaita a game da matakan da za'a dauka domin rage wannan matsala. Martin Dawes ya ce hukumar UNICEF tana da karfin zuciyar cewar nahiyar ta Afirka zata sami ci gaban da ake bukata a matakan shawo kan matsalar ta yawan mace-macen kananan yara, musamman a yayin da gwamnatoci suke kara bunkasa kampe da kara yawan kudin da ake kashe a wannan fanni.

Mawallafi: Umaru Aliyu
Edita: Mohammad Nasiru Awal