Shekaru 60 da kafuwar Jamhuriya a ƙasar Indiya
January 26, 2010![](https://static.dw.com/image/2328388_800.webp)
Shekaru 60 kenan cif da kafuwar ƙasar Indiya a matsayin Jamhuriya kuma ƙasa mai cin gashin kanta. Sai dai kuma kasancewar girmar ƙasar mafi yawan jamaá a duniya da kuma ƙabilu da dama da mabanbantan addinai ya sanya shugabancinta na da wuyar shaani inda har yanzu ake da ayar tambaya game da matsaloli da dama da baá warware su ba.
Ƙasar mai yawan jamaá Biliyan ɗaya da ɗigo uku da kuma ke zama dimokraɗiya mafi girma a duniya, idan aka kwatanta da ƙasashe maƙwabtanta kamar Pakistan da Bangladesh da Nepal da kuma Sri Lanka, Indiyan ta tsaya tsayin daka samun daidaito da kwanciyar hankali tare da haɗin kai da China a matsayin babbar ƙasa mai ƙarfin tattalin arziki dake tasowa. Bugu da ƙari ƙasar mai ƙarfin Nukiliya na ƙoƙarin samun kujerar dundundun a kwamitin sulhun Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya. Sai dai kuma duk da wannan nasarar akwai matsaloli da dama da suka dabaibaye ƙasar.
Idan ka dubi dogayen gine gine da manyan kantuna da zaka iya sayen dukkanin kayan alatu da kayan ƙawa da suka haɗa da motoci na alfarma kamar Marsandi da BMW da kuma Audi ka ce tamkar babu wani abu na ƙasar dake da nasaba da Indiya.
Ita dai Indiya ta sami yancin kai ne a shekarar 1947 daga ƙasar Birtaniya wadda ta yi mata mulkin mallaka ta kuma samar da kundin tsarin mulkinta a ranar 26 ga watan Janairun shekarar 1950 wanda ya kasance shekaru 60 kenan cif .
Sai dai kuma cigaban tattalin arziki da ƙasar ta samu a yan shekarun baya bayan nan, ga mutanen dake zaune a yankunan karkara basu gani a kas ba. Babu ko shakka Indiya ta sami cigaba a fannin fasahar zamani dana sadarwa to amma har yanzu kashi biyu na jamaár suna ci da ƙarfi wajen aikin noma wanda yasa basa samun amfani mai yawa da ya kamata a cewar Christian Wagner wani ƙwarare kan alámuran Indiya dake aiki a cibiyar nazarin kimiyya da siyasa dake Berlin.
" Haƙika tsawon shekaru 60 an sami cigaba maána ta fuskar tattalin arziki a Indiya, sai dai kuma duk da wannan a waje guda dole ne mu duba cewa bisa alƙaluman ƙasa da ƙasa wanda ya yi nuni da cewa kashi 40 cikin ɗari na jamaár ƙasar na rayuwa ne akan abinda bai wuce dala ɗaya ba a rana. A saboda haka wannan na nuni da cewa ribar dimokraɗiya bata kai ga kowa yadda ake buƙata ba".
Wannan ma dai shine raáyin wani masanin halayyar ɗan Adam Yogendry Yadav. To amma shin ana iya shawo kan waɗannan matsalolin rayuwa ? Yadav yayi byani da cewa " Idan har Jamhuriya na nufin jamaá suna da ikon faɗa aji, to kuwa wannan mafarki ne da zaá daɗe baá cimma ba, musamman a ƙasa inda talauci da yunwa da fatara suka addabi jamaá, yayin da kuma jamar suke jin cewa gwamnati bata kusantar su, ko kuma bata damu da su ba. To sai dai kuma kawo yau ana girmama kundin tsarin mulki, kuma akwai ruhi ga dimokraɗiyar sannan har yanzu jamaá sun yi amanna da tafarkin na dimokraɗiya".
Ya zuwa yanzu dai dukkanin gwamnatocin da aka yi a ƙasar ta Indiya sun sha alƙawuran tashi tsaye domin yaƙar fatara da talauci da kuma nuna wariya ga tsirarun ƙabilu tare da maida hankali ga bunƙasa ilmin yaya mata. A dukkan waɗannan matakai an cimma nasara. Alal misali alƙaluman lisafi na baya bayan da gwamnatin ta fitar a shekarar 2009 ya nuna kashi biyu bisa uku na ɗaukacin alúmar Indiya sun iya karatu da rubutu.
Sai dai kuma ƙasar ta Indiya na ƙoƙarin ƙwato kanta daga makiya yan tarzoma. A cikin ƙasar dai masu aƙida Mao na yin barazana ga tsaron lafiyar ƙasar ta hanyar kai hare hare bisa daáwar cewa na dannesu sannan kuma ana tatsar albarkatun ƙasa daga yankinsu. Sannan a waje guda ga harin taáddanci da akai a shekarar 2008 a cibiyar kasuwanci da hada hadar kuɗaɗe a Mumbai. Firaministan ƙasar Manmohan Singh na fatan aiwatar da waádin mulkinsa na shekaru biyar nan gaba cikin nasara.
Mawallafi: Esselborn, Priya / Abdullahi Tanko Bala
Edita: Zainab Mohammed