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Tarihi

Tarihin birnin Aleppo na kasar Siriya

January 2, 2017

Tarihin birnin Aleppo na kasar Siriya, da ke yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya, da ake kira da suna "Halab", a larabce, mai matukar tarihi.

Syrien Krieg - Straßenszene in Aleppo, Verkehrspolizist
Birnin Aleppo kenan, kafin yaki ya rugurguza yankinHoto: picture-alliance/dpa

Birnin Aleppo, wanda a larabce ake ce masa "Halab" birni ne mai matukar tarihi, wanda malaman tarihi, masu gwaje-gwajen kayayyakin tarihin da ake tonowa, a karkashin kasashe, sun tabbatar da cewa, shi ne, gari mafi tsufa a yanzu, a duniya. Domin a kalla, ya kai kimanin shekaru "dubu sha hudu", da kafuwarsa. Kuma wanda ya fara kafa garin, wai ana kiransa da suna "Balkhush". Ya fara kafa garin Aleppo tun shekaru "dubu sha biyu, da dari biyu", kafin miladiyya, wato kafin haihuwar ´Annabi Isa, Alaihissalam.

Ko da yake, bayan da shi "Balkhush" ya kafa wannan birni na Aleppo, a tarihance, a iya cewa, gari ne, da aka camfa shi, ko kuma ake da kyakkyawan fata a kansa. Domin daulolin da suka gabata, sun kudirta a zuciyarsu cewa, duk wanda ya samu iko, da birnin na Aleppo, zai iya zama kamar shugaban duniya, dan haka, tarihi ya nuna cewa, manya-manyan dauloli da dama, sunyi ta kokarin kwace iko, da birnin Aleppo. Wanda bayan shi "Balkhush" da ya fara, kafa wannan garin, aka sami daular "Aramiyawa", wanda suka yi cin-cirin-do, suka danno kai, suka kwace birnin. Suma "Aramiyawa" ba su jima da kwace birnin Aleppo ba, sai aka samu tasowar daular "Babiliyawa", wadda ta so  daga kasar Iraqi. Sarkinsu da ake cewa "Na Ramah Sin", bokayensa suka ce masa, idan yana san ya ga mulkinsa, ya dore, to yayi kokari, ko ta halin kaka, ya ga cewa mulkin Aleppo, ya dawo karkashin daularsa, saboda haka ya dauko rundunar yaki, ya nauso, ya zo ya kwace birnin daga hannun "Aramiyawa".

Yadda yakin da yaki ci, yaki cinyewa, ya maida birnin Aleppo a zamanin AssadHoto: Reuters/H. Katan

Daga nan, sai aka sake samun kafuwar wata daular, a gefen birnin Aleppon dai, da ake ce mata ita kuma "Haisiyya", ita wannan daular, iyaye da kakanninsu sai suka yi wa, birnin na Aleppo, fassarar da ke da alaka da addini, inda suka ce, ai Allah da suke bautawa ma, a birnin Aleppo yake da zama. Sabi da haka ne, sarkinsu yace, shi kam, bai ga, ta zama ba, kakanninsa sun fada masa cewa, kwace iko, na birnin Aleppo, da samun zama, a cikin garin, kamar ya samu shiga fadar Allah ne. Sabo da haka, shi ya zo, ya gwabza fada da "Babliyawa" ya koresu daga birnin na Aleppo.

To haka dai a tarihi, za a ta jin ire-iren wadannan gwagwarmaya daga dauloli daban-daban, a kan yunkurin kwace iko, da birnin Aleppo, musamman kamar sarkin "Rum", Alexandra, wanda yayi ta kokarin mulkar duniya baki daya, da bokayensa suka gwada mai cewa, muddin dai, yana so, ya ga burinsa ya cika, na mulkar duniya baki dayanta, to akwai bukatar sai ya kwato mulkin birnin Aleppo, ya dawo karkashin ikonsa.

To haka dai, abin yata tafiya, har zuwan Musulunci, a lokacin da "Khalid Bin Walid", yazo ya bude birnin Aleppo, ya dawo karkashin daular Musulunci, a shekarar "dari shida da talatin da bakwai", miladiyya, wato (637 BC).

Ci gaba da rugurgujewar yankin Aleppo sanadiyar yaki a mulkin AssadHoto: picture alliance/dpa/AA/A. al Ahmed

A shekarun bayan da suka gabata, yawanci duk sarakuna da daulolin da suka gabata, a kokarinsu na kwace birnin Aleppo, yawanci duk ana rugurguza shi. Shigowar musulunci, shi ne, karo na farko, da aka zo, aka kwace, ko aka mamaye birnin na Aleppo, ba tare da an gwabza yakin, da ya kai, ga rugurguza garin ba. Wannan shi ya baiwa malaman tarihi, damar kallon wadannan kayan tarihi, da musulmai, suka zo, suka tarar a birnin na Aleppo, har suke ta fassara tshon tarihin birnin.

To amma fa, mutanen birnin Aleppo, a tsahon tarihinsu, an sansu da gwagwarmaya da fafutuka, da kuma tunkarar duk wani, wanda yayi kokarin kutse, ko kuma kwace musu kasarsu, sai dai yadda karfinsu ya kare. Wannan ne ma dalilin da yasa, akai ta cewa, a wancan tshon tarihin birnin, anyi ta rusa garin. Saboda, idan anzo an nemi, su daga farar tuta, da nufin su mika wiya, sai su ce, a hir! Sai dai, inda karfinsu ya kare. Haka abin ya ta faruwa, har kusan karshen karni, na sha tara, yadda turawan mulkin mallaka, suka zo suka mamaye kasar Siriya, baki daya. To tarihi, ya nuna cewa, birnin Aleppo, shi ne, birnin na farko da ya fara tada kayar baya, ga turawan mulkin mallaka na kasar Faransa, wanda daga karshe, bayan anyi 'kare jini-biri jin', su turawan mulkin mallakar na Faransa, suka baiwa kasar ta Siriya, 'yancin kai, a shekara ta "dubu daya da dari tara, da arba'in da shida", wato (1946).

Yanzu haka dai, akwai manya-manyan guraran tarihi, da suka rage, a birnin na Aleppo, wanda masu yawon bude ido, da masu sha'awar kashe kwarkwatar idanu, suke zuwa gurin dan ziyara, muhimmai daga cikinsu, manya-manyan fadodi, da aka gina, karkashin daular "Babiliyawa" da "Sahmirawa", da ma daular "Rumawa", sai kuma kabarin Annabi Zakariyya, Alaihissalam, da kuma 'Masallacin Bani Umayya'.

Ire-iren guraren tarihin da suka rage a birnin Aleppo a bayaHoto: DW/D. Tosidis